 See inside main breaker box/ Single phase What is 3-phase electric |
How
to
wire Whole-house surge protector 2019:
There is no code requirement for surge protection in residences. Manufacturer's offer guidelines, but there is no industry standard for acceptable level of surge protection Home
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| Surge protection overview Surge A short-duration overvoltage spike or disturbance on the ac power line, having duration of a few milliseconds or less. |
| Surge
protectors wear out: Surge protectors are constantly in use. There are 3 types of surge: Disruptive enters electronics and causes malfunction of logic and lock up. Dissipative is repetitive, pulsing short-duration causing early demise of equipment. Destructive is high level energy that causes immediate failure of equipment. Surge protectors are constantly in use. They wear out. A surge is a transient wave of voltage or current. The duration is not tightly specified but is usually less than a few milliseconds. Surges are caused by static discharge, power switching by customer or utility, faults, capacitive and inductive loads, lightning strikes, photovoltaic power systems and wind power generation. ''Large surges damage equipment and other components in the electrical distribution system. Smaller surges can cumulatively damage equipment and can cause nuisance equipment tripping. One limitation with surge protection design is that there is no industry standard that describes what is an acceptable level of surge protection for standard facilities or residential locations. There is a limit on how high of a voltage can be transmitted into a facility or residence. Above a certain level, a high voltage will result in flashover in the insulation system of electrical equipment and conductors. A flashover can cause insulation damage, electric shock, and fire.'' There is no protection against this except lighting rods, building at lower elevation, and away from bodies of water. |
| Surge
protection will protect: -protect from most but not all nearby lightning strikes beyond 100'... both in the air and ground strikes. -protect from most line surges caused by power-company transformer variations -protect from most line surges caused by lightning hitting power grid nearby... local transformer has a fuse/ lightning arrestor that trips open but surge can still jump to nearby wires. -protect from surge caused by power resumption after outage. Surge protection will NOT protect: -from lightning strikes within 100' : install lightning rod: Connect all ground wires and ground rods into single array to help deflect surge and protect circuit breakers. -from energized wires that exceed surge rating -brownout or low voltage : install phase monitor -might not protect home devices from repetitive overvoltage generated by equipment, such as table saw or defective motor etc. Light switches, motors, and furnace igniter can be surge generators : check surge protection for periodic replacement Buy: Whole house surge protectors at Amazon |
| Difference
between: surge, brownout, ground
fault, line noise Surge: too many electrons going down the wire: Cause: grid malfunctions, motors, lightning etc. Result: motors, electronics, machines, timers, appliances, etc can stop functioning or burn out. Solution: install surge protector covered on this page. Brownout: are too few electrons on the wire: Undervoltage for ordinary home is generally anything less than 85% rated voltage. Result: light bulbs dim, electronics stop functioning until normal power resumes, motors slow down and overheat. To protect motors and HVAC from brownout, turn off power. Install phase monitor Also read about compressor defender Phase fluctions: too few or too many electrons on one wire and not the other wire(s). Result is unbalanced voltage that causes motors, pumps and HVAC to slow down and overheat and burn out. To protect motors and HVAC. Install phase monitor Ground fault: electrons rushing uncontrollably to ground. Also called a short. Will cause circuit breaker to trip. High risk of electrocution if your body is the pathway that electrons follow. Ground wire required for all electric installations. Why you need ground wire. GFCI will react instantly to ground fault, much faster than circuit breaker. Install GFCI breakers and outlets for more dangerous areas: bathroom, kitchen, laundry, outdoors etc. Read more about GFCI Line Noise: electrons behaving erratically instead of flowing predictably: Surge protection is not made to filter line noise... unless specified. Result: Line noise effects devices and processes that require 'clean' electric power. Microprocessor manufacturing requires very clean electric power. Line filters reduce high-frequency line noise broadcast onto household wires caused by using photocopier, arc welder, light dimmer. Modern electronic devices have filters, but some don't. For example, some digital timers might not have a filter. Line noise will scramble timer programming, while voltage surge can completely destroy timer functionality. Press and hold reset button to see if function returns. Buy from my affiliate links: Line noise filter |
| Electrical
footnotes: -Multiple surge protectors on one line or in multiple locations are beneficial, and will protect better as distance increase... because surge, such as lightning, can enter wires anywhere. -Multiple circuit breakers and fuses on one line or in multiple locations will protect electric system. -All devices must be grounded, and all grounds bonded together into a single array to help absorb surge, protect from electrocution, and assist circuit breaker life expectancy. This includes ground wires for electric, TV satellite dish, TV cable, internet-telephone service, etc. -Multiple GFCI on one line will cause tripping and malfunction. |
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Description
of different types varies by resource Type 1 are referred to as a Type 1 SPD due to their location within the power distribution system. Type 1 is generally a permanently connected, or permanently hard wired SPD (surge protection device) that can be installed anywhere on Line side of service panel (breaker box), also called the service entrance or transformer secondary, located between transformer and main breaker box. Type 1-2 means the device is rated Type 1 or Type 2 and can be installed anywhere from the distribution transformer to breaker box to HVAC equipment or at detached barn or garage. Type 1-2 can also be installed anywhere on line side or load side of service panel including at equipment location, for example at HVAC etc. Type 2 is installed at or inside the service panel or main breaker box or installed at the equipment location, for example at HVAC disconnect etc. Type 2 is usually connected to overcurrent protection (circuit breaker) depending on listing..., read instruction manual for device to see if overcurrent protection is required. Type 3 T is typically surge receptacles or cord connected point-of-use devices such as surge outlet or surge protection strip or surge suppressor at your computer or electronic water heater. Type 3 is a surge arrestor and is connected to ground wire and not connected to overcurrent protection. They are permitted to be installed anywhere on the load side of a branch circuit up to the equipment served, provided the connection is a minimum of 10m (30ft.) from the service panel. Note: If the distance is less than 10m, a Type 2 SPD (or a Type 3 SPD tested to Type 2 requirements) must be used. Type 3 is used in addition to Type 1 or 2 protection, especially when location is farther than 50 feet away from main surge protection to assist overall surge protection. Surge Protector vrs Surge arrestor Surge protector or suppressor will clamp the surge... or absorb ... or dampen the surge. Surge arrestor will redirect high energy to ground wire. Also called jumping the gap to ground. Commercial and Industrial applications: Type 4 SPDs: Assemblies consisting of one or more Type 5 components together with a disconnect (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449. Type 5 SPDs: Discrete component surge suppressors connected by its leads or provided with an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. Resources Surge protection .pdf Surge protection devices .pdf Why use surge protection/ pdf How to wire disconnects /safety switches Why you need ground |
| Surge protection devices | |||
 Whole house surge 120-240V Install at service panel or branch panel Type 2 surge suppressor Whole house surge will protect all 120Volt and 240Volt microwave, dishwasher, water heater, dryer, washing machine, water heater, timer, breaker, wire etc. Buy: Whole house surge protectors Intermatic Type 2 residential breaker box Intermatic lower cost residential Resource: Intermatic IG1240RC3 .pdf |
 Whole house surge 120-240V Install at service panel or branch panel Type 2 surge suppressor Applies to all surge: Install as close to breaker as possible, Keep wires straight, no sharp angles, use sweeping bends, do not wrap extra wire, cut to length Buy: Leviton residential surge protector Resources: Leviton 5120-1 whole house surge protector/ pdf |
 Best seller Residential whole house. Type 2 Install at service panel or branch panel Connect to breaker 12 gauge wire 120-240Vac Nema 4X indoor-outdoor harsh environment. Buy Square D / HEPD80 at Amazon Resource: HEPD surge protection .pdf Dimensions, mounting, wiring/ pdf |
 With 3 year $7500 warranty Larger image 120-240 Vac with brown-out protection. Home or commercial $7500 connected warranty/ includes electronic components. Type 1-2 with 36" long, 10 gauge wire Requires Neutral wire Nema 3 indoor-outdoor Buy: AG3000 universal surge protection PS3000 surge protector Pool and spa surge protection Resources: AG3000 Surge protection manual PS3000 surge protection manual $7500 warranty/ pdf Read about compressor defender |
 Secondary surge arrestor. Type 1 120-240V 150 VAC Indoor/ outdoor can be located anywhere on electrical system Type 1 surge arrestor 25,000 amp Use for pumps, motors, service entrance Locations more than 90' from service Nema 4X harsh environment Arrestor: when energy is large enough, it jumps the gap to ground or earth Buy: Square D secondary SDSA1175 3-wire Resource: SDSA1175 .pdf Dimensions, mounting, wiring/ pdf |
 120-240V Type 2 500V clamping/ 27,000 amps Install in breaker box, directly on busbar in place of a circuit breaker Connect white wire to neutral busbar Buy: Square D push-on type residential surge protector at Amazon Resource: Plug on surge protection .pdf Dimensions, mounting, wiring/ pdf |
 120-240V Type 2 Install in breaker box, directly on busbar in place of a circuit breaker Connect white wire to neutral busbar. Buy: HOM2175SB at Amazon Whole house surge protectors Siemens secondary surge protector and circuit breaker QO type surge at Amazon Snap-on breaker use Homeline QO2175SB for square D QO-type panels Resource: Plug on surge protection .pdf Dimensions, mounting, wiring/ pdf |
 Type 1 or Type 2, Nema4X rainproof. Simple install vertical or horizontal etc 36" leads/ 12 gauge wire/ Cut to correct length, do not coil or wrap extra wire, avoid 90 degree bends, min 4" radius on bends, keep wires straight Do not wrap extra wire. Cut to size. Buy: AG24013 Type 1 Type 2 Resource AG series sell sheet/ pdf |
 Phase monitor or Voltage monitor Is not surge protection. Protects inductive loads (motors, pumps) from low voltage, or voltage differences between wires. Buy: Single phase 95-270 volt range 3-phase 80-300 volt range ICM phase monitor< Siemens monitoring relay Resource: How to wire phase monitor |
 Co-ax surge Type 3 surge protection Connect to ground surge protectors Redirects surge to ground rod Arrestor: when energy is large enough, it jumps the gap to ground or earth. Buy: Ethernet surge protector Broadband cable lightning surge Co-ax surge protector Type 3 surge protection Coax surge Combine 4 telephone, 2 coax surge Resources: IG1300-surge /pdf Buy: 24 Volt DC surge protector |
 Image of back Wall outlet surge suppression/ Type 3, redirects surge to ground wire. 120 volt point-of-use for electronics, gas water heaters/ tankless, microwave, machine tool, copier, cell phone charger etc. Indoor application. Meets standard for damper-type water heaters that plug into outlet. Type 3/ Two surge-suppression outlets protects against voltage surge/ Single-event protection requires replacement. Hot, neutral and ground wire needed/ can replace any ordinary outlet. Buy: 15 amp surge suppressor receptacle Leviton J-box surge protection kit 15 amp duplex surge protector 20 amp commercial surge protector Resources Surge protection sell sheet Outlet surge suppression manual Surge protection outlet manual |
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| Guaranteed protection ... backed by money from Intermatic | |
 $25,000 warranty/ 10 year Intermatic compressor defender protects brown-out and surge. Type 1 Type 2 single phase / / Nema 4X harsh environment Surge protection PLUS brownout protection . In event of low voltage, the defender protects machinery and HVAC motors that can overheat when voltage is reduced by brownout. Residential + light commercial Buy: Compressor defender at Amazon Resources: Read about compressor defender Install video |
 $25,000 warranty/ 10 year Larger image Another image Intermatic modular surge protection/ replace module instead of hardwiring another device after surge event. Modules snap into place. Type 1 Type 2 single phase / / Nema 4X harsh environment No need for rewiring when surge is replaced > turn off circuit breaker > insert new module > turn on circuit breaker > job is done, and protection is guaranteed. Buy Whole house type 1 2 surge protection with 10 year warranty Replacement module for type 1 and 2 with 1 year warranty Resources: Installation video Sell sheet Manual with wiring/ 10 gauge wire |
| Type 1 surge protection wiring | |
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Type 1 surge protection is
connected directly to the Hot and Neutral wires, and not to circuit
breaker or ground wire. Type 1-2 surge device can be connected to circuit breaker, or wired as shown. Device must be connected to Hot and Neutral. Buy Type 1 surge protector Square D SDSA1175 3-wire |
| Type 2 Hardwire installation | |
| Rules
for installing Type 2 surge protector -Should be connected to breaker located in two slots nearest to main breaker. So surge enters protector before entering other breakers. -One surge protector should be installed in each breaker box. Surge can arrive at any breaker box independently. Electricity does unusual things. -Ratings for surge protection varies by amount of power each will absorb... generally cheaper one will absorb less surge Always install surge as close as possible to sensitive equipment. Do not expect surge protector inside house to protect equipment more than 90 feet away. For equipment located more than 90 feet away... add dedicated surge. |
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Type 2 hardwired surge protector Surge protector is single-use and must be replaced after surge event such as lightning strike. Indicator light shows when surge is working. NO Indicator light, then replacement is required. Each surge is rated to protect residential panel 120V and 240V. Shorter wires provide better protection No protection for equipment located more than 90 feet away. Install dedicated surge for equipment more than 90 feet away Photoeye and devices outside home are less protected or not protected Buy: Whole house surge protectors at Amazon Intermatic Type 2 residential Intermatic lower cost residential Leviton residential Siemens has circuit breaker and surge requires 3 slots Siemens circuit breaker and surge |
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Intermatic
Type 2: Connect surge protector to 20 amp breaker located
on two slots
nearest main breaker Wires connected to main breaker are HOT at all times even when all breakers are off Instructions for wiring Install as close to main breaker as possible. Connect to 20 amp double-pole breaker. Connect to Neutral and ground. Connect both black wires from surge to 20 amp circuit breaker. Connect white to neutral busbar. Connect green to ground busbar. Whole house surge will protect both sides of single-phase (aka split phase) service panel. Surge protector is single-use and must be replaced after surge event such as lightning strike. Indicator light/ brief troubleshoot Green indicator light shows when protection is ON. If indicator is OFF, then check if unit is receiving 240Volts. If one leg of breaker is tripped, then phase power is not ON, and indicator light will not light up. Reset breaker fully off and then back on. If phase power is good, and indicator is off, then surge has exceeded device rating. Replace surge protector. Buy: Whole house surge protectors at Amazon Intermatic Type 1-2 residential Intermatic lower cost residential All Intermatic surge protection All Leviton surge protectors |
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Leviton
Type 2: Connect
surge protector to 20 amp double-pole breaker Wiring in subpanel and main breaker box are same. Note no main breaker shown. Suggest the wires from surge protector should enter panel on side, or travel down to bottom of panel and then back up other side. Do not run wires above main breaker. Wiring shown is for subpanel,. Must be connected on breaker as close to the top of panel as possible.. Both black wires connect to circuit breaker. White to neutral. Green to ground. Indicator light Green indicator light shows when protection is ON. If indicator is OFF, then check if unit is receiving 240Volts. If phase power is good, and indicator is off, then surge has exceeded device rating. Replace surge protector. Buy: Whole house surge protectors at Amazon Leviton residential All Leviton surge protectors Intermatic Type 1-2 residential Intermatic lower cost residential |
| Type 2 Breaker installation | |
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Type 2 surge protection
breaker snaps directly ointo bubar over 2 breaker spaces. Connect White wire to Neutral busbar Must be replaced after surge event Disadvantages of breaker type surge protector: Must be same brand as breaker box, must open panel door to see indicator light. must enter main panel to replace after surge event. Advantage: Simple installation without much wiring, no conduit or external box. Protects circuit breaker panel/ Protects 120V and 240V circuits/ Protects 120-240Volt appliance or water heater with electronics. Does not protect TV connected to satellite dish or phone line For TVs use surge Type 3 protector Buy: Type 2 surge protector Square D push-on type residential surge protector at Amazon For snap-on breaker use Homeline QO2175SB for square D QO-type panels Resources: See example push-on breaker |
| Type 3: hardwire and in-line | |
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Phone
line and co-ax surge protector Intermatic IG1300 Type 2, surge for coax and phone line protection Phone and co-ax lines are very susceptible to surge from nearby lightning strike or broadcast surge from other causes. In-line co-ax surge protectors are Type 3 and connected to ground wire instead of directly to circuit breaker. Type 3 are not as effective as Type 2 surge for protecting expensive audio, TV, computer and phone equipment. Often the ground rod for co-ax and phone line is not driven deep enough to reach damp soil and support grounding in all circumstances. Moreover separate ground rods for phone and co-ax are often not bonded with all other ground to create a grounding array for maximum protection. Use in areas prone to lightning or where phone and co-ax lines connect to valuable equipment. Buy: Combined 4 telephone, 2 coax surge Resources: IG1300-surge /pdf |
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Co-Ax Surge and ground block are two different things Each is for co-ax cable. Ground block is a grounding point and does not give surge protection directly but assists other surge devices on the co-ax line by providing ground point, or additional ground point. Not shown is bonding all metal with ground wires that connect with all ground rods together to form a ground array for maximum protection against lightning. Buy: Ethernet surge protector Broadband cable lightning surge Co-ax surge protector Type 3 surge protection Coax surge< Combine 4 telephone, 2 coax surge Resource Difference between ground and surge |
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Type
3 surge protector for phone Type 2 urge must be able to jump the gap to ground, so all Type 3 must be connected to ground wire. Example surge protection strip with multiple plugs, etc. Buy: Surge protector for phone line |
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Ordinary
Main panel for
home with 120 volt and 240 volt circuits. This is called single-phase electric power. Voltage and Phasing is determined by the power company transformer installation. - Each 120 volt circuit usually supplies power to lights and outlets in one area of home. Wires leave breaker box and go to first junction box where the wires split off and go to each individual box, jumping from box to box until the final box is reached. Max 12 boxes per circuit. - Each 240 volt circuit is usually dedicated to one appliance. For example electric water heater is connected to one 240 volt breaker, electric dryer is connected to another breaker, and heat/AC is connected to another 240 volt circuit breaker, etc. Resources: See inside main breaker box Basic household wiring How to replace circuit breaker How to install subpanel Figure volts amps watts for electric water heater |
| Commercial 3-phase
surge protection What is 3-phase electric Cut wire to correct length, do not coil or wrap extra lead wire, avoid 90 degree bends, 4' radius on bends, keep wires straight as possible. Keep wires as straight as possible. Use long sweep turns |
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Intermatic 3-phase Choice of voltages 120-600 VAC Nema4X rainproof enclosure Type 1 or Type 2 installation, 1 year warranty Install vertical or horizontal etc 36" leads/ 12 gauge wire/ Buy: 3-phase surge protection All Intermatic surge protection Resource AG series sell sheet/ pdf |
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Leviton 3-phase Choice of voltages 120-600 VAC Nema4X rainproof enclosure Type 1 or Type 2 installation, 1 year warranty Install vertical or horizontal etc 36" leads/ 12 gauge wire/ Buy: 3-phase surge protection All Leviton surge protectors Resource AG series sell sheet/ pdf |
| 3
phase 4 wire 208-120 volt Buy: Intermatic 120-208 Type 1 Type 2/ Leviton 120-208 3-phase panel protector Resource: 3 phase 120V-208V / 208-208V manual |
3-phase 4-wire
277-480 volt Buy: Intermatic 277-480 Type 1 Type 2 Eeaton 277-480 volt Resources: AG series sell sheet/ pdf |
3
phase 4 wire 600 volt Buy: AG65033/ Intermatic 600 volt Type 1 Type 2 Square D 600 volt Resources: 3 phase 277V 480V surge protection manual |
| 3
phase 4 wire 277-480 volt 220-380 volt Buy: Leviton 277-480/ 220-380 panel protector |
3-phase
4-wire 120-208-240 4-wire High leg delta Buy: Intermatic High leg delta Type 1 Type 2 Leviton High leg delta Resources: 3 phase high leg delta surge protection manual |
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Split phase
means ordinary Household 120V-240V service. Single phase means 120V service. Most people call 120V-240V service single phase. Most commercial 3-phase installations have single-phase for lights and plugs. Single-phase is a derivative of 3 phase. Single phase 120-240V Volt Buy: AG24013 Type 1 Type 2 Resources: Single phase 120-240 volt surge manual |
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Use Intermatic AG4803CE
surge protector 3-phase 4-wire 277-480 volt Buy: AG4803C3 Type 1 Type 2 Resources: AG series sell sheet/ pdf |
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Use Intermatic AG4803C3
surge protector 3-phase 4-wire 277-480 volt Buy: AG4803C3 Type 1 Type 2 Resources: AG series sell sheet/ pdf |
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Use Intermatic AG2083C3
surge protector 3 phase 4 wire 208-120 volt Buy: AG2083C3 Type 1 Type 2/ Resource: 3 phase 120V-208V / 208-208 volt surge protection manual |
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Use Intermatic AG2403C3
surge protector 3-phase 4-wire 120-208-240 4-wire High leg delta Buy: AG2403C3 Type 1 Type 2 Resources: 3 phase high leg delta surge protection manual |
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Use Intermatic AG65033
surge protector 3 phase 4 wire 600 volt Buy: AG65033/ Type 1 Type 2 AG6503C3/ Type 1Type 2 Resources: 3 phase 277V 480V surge protection manual |
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Use Intermatic AG2403C3
surge protector 3-phase 4-wire 240 Buy: AG2403C3 Type 1 Type 2 Resources: 3 phase high leg delta surge protection manual |
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Use Intermatic AG48013
Surge protector Single phase 277-480V Buy: AG48013 Type 1 Type Resources: Single phase 277-480 / 480-480 volt surge manual/ pdf |
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Electricity: The grid is defined by three parts: transmission, distribution and end user. The following links show how it works Resources: Power plant to end user power pole Power pole to residential breaker box Power pole to commercial breaker box How to wire residential electric How to wire commercial 3-phase |
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