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Resource: safe electric wiring
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How
to wire safety switch Resource: safe electric wiring |
| Safety
switches
are used to cut power to equipment such as HVAC, lathe, compressor etc There are two types of safety switches: Fused and Non-fused |
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 Indoor Non-fused safety switch Cuts power to both legs of 240V circuit. Rated for outdoor. -3 Hp motor, 17 amps, use 30-60 amp safety switch -30 amp water heater, use 30-60 amp Buy from my affiliate links: 2-pole outdoor / 60 amp/ non-fusable 2-pole outdoor / 60 amp/ non-fusable 2-pole outdoor / 30 amp/ non-fusable Heavy duty safety switches at Amazon |
 Indoor fusable safety switch OK to have more than one fuse on same line. If you have circuit breaker, then it is ok to install fusable safety switch -or- non-fused Always match fuse amp rating to load amps. Buy fusible: L111N 120 volt only/ 1 plug fuse L211N 30 Amp 120/240-Volt/ 30A L221N 30 Amp 240-Volt/ 30A 2-pole indoor / 30 amp/ fusable 2-pole indoor / 30 amp/ fusable LF211N 30 Amp PLUG Fused Safety switches at Amazon Resource: L111N manual Single pole 30 amp 120 volt w neutral/ indoor L211N manual Double pole 30 amp 120/240 volt w neutral L221N manual Double pole 30 amp 240 volt w neutral/ indoor Match wire and breaker size LN221N 2-pole manual LN111N 1-pole manual LF211N spec sheet GF211N 2-pole label |
 Outdoor 3-pole 240 volt non-fusable safety switch Buy: 3-pole/ outdoor/ 30 amp/ non-fusable 3-pole 30 amp non fusable 3-pole/ outdoor/ 60 amp/ fusable A 3P or 3-pole safety switch is used for 3-wire 3-phase power ... but can be used for 2-wire single phase residential or commercial 208-240 volt. By code, the Neutral wire, when present, is not switched on-off, and must remain continuous throughout home or building. |
 Indoor 3-pole 240 volt non-fusable safety switch Buy: 3-pole/ indoor/ 30 amp/ non-fusable 3-pole/ indoor/ 30 amp/ non-fusable 3-pole/ indoor/ 30 amp/ non-fusable 3-pole/ outdoor/ 60 amp/ non-fusable 3-pole/ 600 volt/ 60 amp/ non-fusable |
 Outdoor fusable safety switch Buy: 2 pole/ outdoor/ 30 amp/ fusable Resources: Figure volts amps watts Figure breaker and wire size Safety switches at Amazon |
 Indoor fusable safety switch Buy: 2-pole / 30 amp heavy-duty 2-pole/ indoor / 60 amp/ fusable 2-pole/ indoor/ 100 amp / fusable 2-pole indoor / 100 amp/ fusable Safety switches at Amazon |
 Outdoor 3-pole 600 volt non-fusable safety switch Heavy duty 600 volt Buy: 3-pole/ outdoor/ 30 amp/ non-fusable 3-pole/ outdoor/ 60 amp/ non-fusable 3-pole/ outdoor/ 100 amp/ non-fusable Safety switches at Amazon Heavy duty safety switches at Amazon Resource: Leviton safety switch/ pdf |
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 Non-fusable DC safety switch 250 Volt DC safety switch outdoor Buy: 3-pole / outdoor/ 30 amp DC/ non-fuse Square D 60 amp DC H222AWK Square D 30 amp DC HU361RB DC circuit breaker Resource: GF211N spec sheet and label |
 Outdoor Non-fused/ Pull out disconnect Cuts power to both legs of 240V circuit. Code for AC units Rated for outdoor 2-finger pull-out cuts power to both legs of 240V circuit. No fuse. Buy: 2 pole/ outdoor/ 60 amp/ fusable 2 pole/ outdoor/ 60 amp/ non-fusable 2-pole/ 60 amp w 20 amp GFCI outlet Pullout Disconnects at Amazon Rotary disconnect Wiring |
 Outdoor Manual pullout/ fused No switch lever Manual pull-out disconnect Buy: 2 pole/ outdoor/ 30-60 amp/ fusable 60 amp cartridge fuse 50 amp cartridge fuse 30 amp cartridge fuse Pullout Disconnects at Amazon If you have 240 volt, 50 amp AC unit, then use two 50 amp fuses. |
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 30 amp DPST toggle switch Cuts power to both legs of 240V circuit. Motor cut-off switch 30 amp/ max 600 volt Buy: 30 amp DPST switch Leviton 30 amp DPST 3-pole 3-phase motor starter Motor starter switch and cover Resources: Figure volts amps watts Figure breaker and wire size |
 3-phase 30 amp 3PST toggle switch 3PST = 3 pole single throw 3-pole safety switches are 3PST Rated 30 amp/ max 600 volt 3-phase Motor cut-off switch Power can connect to either side Match phase to phase on screw located on opposite side Buy: 3-pole 3-phase motor starter |
 600 volt motor start switch |
 Paddle switch/ safety switch for power tools Raise red cover before tool can be activated. Quick shut-off by pushing down red lever Buy: Safety switches for power tools Rotary disconnect |
AC current is different than DC AC current reverses direction once each 50-60 seconds because of how AC power is generated. Read more When AC changes direction, the voltage drops to zero 50-60 times each second. When voltage drops to zero, the arc is easy to extinguish using AC-rated switches. 600 Volt AC-DC AL CU CH362 Type 1 CH362AWK Type 12 CH362RB Type 3R CH362DS Type 4X Safety switch maintenance General duty specs |
DC power is different. Generally, for this explanation, DC stays at the same voltage at all times. DC never drops to zero volts like AC. When you want to switch off DC, there is a larger arc, that is more difficult to extinguish. Basically the electrons in DC power keep pushing forward at all times. This forward motion of DC electrons maintains the arc longer, and can cause damage to electrical equipment that is not rated for DCRated 250 volt DC 120-240 v FUSIBLE LF111N 120 v 30A plugged fuse LF211N 240 V 60A plugged fuse GF211N 240 V 60A 3P cart fuse 240 volt 3-phase Safety Switches D321N D321NRB 60 amp D3222N D322NRB fuse puller H321N H321NRB 60 AMP https://amzn.to/3vGKfS6 H322N H322NRB 1.5 hp 240 V at AC 60 Hz for 1 phase conforming to NEC 240.6 3 hp 240 V at AC 60 Hz for 3 phase conforming to NEC 240.6 3 hp 240 V at AC 60 Hz for 1 phase conforming to NEC 430.52 7.5 hp 240 V at AC 60 Hz for 3 phase conforming to NEC 430.52 HNF362 60-Amp 3 Pole 600-volt 3 Wire Non-Fused Heavy Duty Safety Switches https://amzn.to/3i72f49 HNF362 60-Amp 3 Pole 600-volt 3 Wire Non-Fused Heavy Duty Safety Switches https://amzn.to/2S1PnSr HNF361 30-Amp 3 Pole 600-volt 3 Wire Non-Fused https://amzn.to/3uEGiMo HNF363 100-Amp 3 Pole 600-volt 3 Wire Non-Fused https://amzn.to/3vDuHyM |
Square D
Fusible Light Duty 120 volt L111N Single pole 30 amp 120 volt w neutral/ indoor https://amzn.to/3fF0Eko L211N Double pole 30 amp 120 volt w neutral https://amzn.to/3wMXHUN Light Duty 240V L221N Double pole 30 amp 240 volt w neutral/ indoor https://amzn.to/3fD07j5 General Duty 120 volt D211N Double pole 30 amp 120 volt w neutral/ indoor D211NRB Double pole 30 amp 120 volt w neutral/ outdoor https://amzn.to/2SNV2LG D221NCP https://amzn.to/3g0EaJS General Duty 240 volt D221N Double pole 30 amp 240 volt w neutral/ indoor https://amzn.to/3c88KA6 https://amzn.to/3uDqv0z D221NCP D221NRB Double pole 30 amp 240 volt w neutral/ outdoor https://amzn.to/3vIvajg D222N Double pole 60 amp 240 volt w neutral/ indoor D222NRB Double pole 60 amp 240 volt w neutral/ outdoor GNF222RA https://amzn.to/2Tvi5eS D323NRB 100 Amp 3-phase 240 volt https://amzn.to/2SKWJtk D324NRB 200-Amp 240-volt 3-Pole https://amzn.to/3uHVyZ4 Manual Resource pdf These switches accept the "Edison Base" plug type fuses. Heavy Duty AC/DC voltage H221N Double pole 30 amp 240 volt AC w neutral/ 250VDC Indoor H221NRB Double pole 30 amp 240 volt AC w neutral/ 250VDC outdoor H222N Double pole 60 amp 240 volt AC w neutral/ 250VDC indoor H222NRB Double pole 60 amp 240 volt AC w neutral/ 250VDC outdoor |
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30-Amp 120-240-volt Two-Pole Indoor Safety Switch with
Neutral/ fusableSafety switch is important. Often the circuit breaker panel is locked, or located remotely. Safety switch, or power cut-off, is installed next to air conditioner, or water heater, or other appliance. Code often requires fused or unfused safety cut off next to air conditioner or any outdoor appliance When safety switch is OFF, person is more certain power is OFF. ALWAYS check if power is actually off before working on appliance. NEVER stand on bare ground when touching electrical device... stand on dry boards until power is OFF for certain. Buy from my affiliate links 2-pole 30 amp non-fusable safety switch/ indoor / power cut-off 2 pole 60 amp non-fusable / outdoor box/ at Amazon Safety switches at Amazon Safety switches for power tools Resource: You can use fusable or non-fusable Having more than one fuse or breaker on same line is ok by code |
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 Never
assume power is OFF: Use
Non-contact voltage testerTest for power without touching wire NEVER assume power is OFF Press button. tester beeps once, and blinks once, when power is OFF. Tester beeps continually and blinks when power is ON Buy: Non-contact voltage tester Amazon Electric testers at Amazon |
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MultimeterTest for breaks in wire/ Test for short circuit/ Test for voltage/ Test if voltage is present Most appliance require 80% rated voltage to function correctly Tape tester leads to wood sticks to keep hands away from power. Never stand on wet or damp surface Never stand on bare soil... or ground Always stand on dry boards Remove metal from pockets, do not lean into or touch anything made of metal Buy here and support DIY: Multimeters at Amazon Electric testers at Amazon |
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 Use correct size screwdriver when connecting wire to bonding lugs Tighten very tight against copper wire. If using Aluminum wire (not advisable to use aluminum) make sure the safety switch is rated for CU-AL. Typically, CU-AL rating requires allan wrench to tighten lugs, and not a screw. Allen wrench will give more torque on the screw so it will tighten firmly and not move.  Larger wire sizes have allen wrench screw for correct
torque on the wire |
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 Code
says: Use connected/ double-pole breaker
Against code: Use 2 single breakers to supply 240 volt, unless the switches are connected and rated for same amps. If breakers are connected, then if one side (leg) trips the other side usually trips off too. If breakers are NOT connected, then one leg might be tripped, and other leg not tripped. A double breaker that is tripped on one leg poses a threat if working on the circuit. Never assume power is OFF. To reset, push fully off then back on. If double breaker is rated for 30 amp, then BOTH sides of the breaker are each 30 amp (not 15 each) Power is doubled with 240 volt vs 120 volt, amps are not halved. Resource: 240 volt breaker keeps tripping |
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Use
only 600 volt solid copper wire for household wiring Rolls of 600 volt stranded wire seem inviting, and have wide choice of colors, but are not best choice for screw terminals and screw lugs ... because stranded wire comes loose with the heat from a load, and loose connection will start to short and burn out, melting the terminal and lug etc Household NM-B Wires are color-coded so inspectors/ electricians can easily identify which wire is used during construction If your home was wired by professional electrician who pulled permits, then circuit breaker and wire size will match. If manufactured home or travel trailer has not been altered by homeowner then breaker and wire size will match. If breaker is oversized for wire... fire danger Breaker can let too much amperage travel through the wire. Wire can overheat and cause fire. Call electrician if you suspect wiring is not correct, Buy: Southwire at Amazon Resource: How to select wire and breaker |
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30-60
amp DC safety switch/ fusable/ outdoor Heavy Duty 250 V Dc Voltage; 60 Ampere Use 10 gauge wire with 30 amp fuse Use 6 gauge wire with 60 amp fuse Buy: Square D 60 amp DC H222AWK Square D 30 amp DC HU361RB 30 amp DC 240 volt 600 Volt |
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3-pole
safety switch Example shows fusable/ this is called a 4-wire, but only 3 wires are disconnected by safety switch It is OK to have breaker and fuse on same line. More than 1 fuse, and more than 1 breaker on same line is OK. If load has breaker it is not necessary to use fusable safety switch. You can use non-fused safety switch. Disconnect rating must be at least 125% of the ampere load...and within sight of the unit...and with ability to lock in open (off) position If load is 30 amp, then buy safety switch rated for 30 x 125% = 45 amp, so buy safety switch rated for 60 amp If load is 2o amp, then buy safety switch rated for 25 amp, so buy safety switch rated for 30 amp. The rating on the safety switch is MAXIMUM amp rating... 60 amp safety switch will handle loads up to 60 amp. Fuse must match Load. Always install fuse that is rated same as amp load. If load is 30 amp, then install 30 amp fuse and 10 gauge wire. If load is 20 amp, then install 20 amp fuse and 12 gauge wire Carefully label safety switch Buy: 3-pole/ indoor/ 60 amp/ fusable 3-pole 30 amp safety switch/ fusable/ at Amazon 3-pole 60 amp safety switch/ non-fused/ at Amazon 3-pole 60 amp safety switch/ fusable/ at Amazon Resources: Match wire and breaker size Figure volts amps watts for water heater How to wire 3-phase What is 3-phase |
  Commercial three-phase power comes in variety of standard voltages and transformer configurations. Typical 120-208V WYE service and 277-480V WYE service use red-black-blue wires for easy identification. Other services like 120-240V high leg DELTA use black-black-orange wires for easy identification. Commercial three-pole safety switches can be found at the service entrance, and at any piece of equipment that is not in direct sight line with breaker box such as air conditioner, 3-phase water heater, 3-phase motors and machinery etc. Multiple fuse and breaker protection on one line is not a problem. Safety switch that is rated 240V can be used for 120-208-240V. Cannot be used for 480V. Safety switch that is rated 600 volt can be used for any voltage 120V through 600V. |
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Example
3-pole safety
switch application disconnect...at least 125% of the ampere load...within sight of the unit...and with ability to lock in open (off) position Two different voltages arrive at water heater Household 240 Volt AC power feeds upper element, with 2 hot wires 120 Volt AC from Solar panels feeds lower element, with Hot and neutral Total 3 hot wires.... use 3-pole safety switch Carefully label safety switches so people know both switches must be turned off for water heater to be OFF Buy: 3-pole 30 amp safety switch/ fusable/ at Amazon 3-pole 60 amp safety switch/ non-fused/ at Amazon 3-pole 60 amp safety switch/ fusable/ at Amazon Resource: Review Techluck |
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Example
DC safety switch for solar array
Use fused or non-fused This is one way to use safety switch Purpose of safety switch is to ensure all power is OFF The handle is clearly visible and can be latched in place Locate safety switch in plain sight so people can clearly identity when power is OFF Remember, a solar panel will produce electricity each time it is exposed to light. You can get shock from solar panel when panel is exposed to sun. The array and safety switch must be wired at night The strings can be combined before connecting to safety switch... match total volts and amps with safety switch rating and with fuse rating When three panels are wired together, the positive wire connects to negative wire to make a string. Solar panels are like batteries. When three panels are connected in series, or in a string, then voltage increases with each additional panel, but amperage stays the same. Illustration shows 3 strings with 3 panels in each string. If the strings are combined together in parallel, then the voltage stays the same but amperage increases. Maximum voltage for wire and safety switch is 600 volts AC/ 300 volt DC Resources: Calculate volts and amps for array/ How to set up array DC safety switch wiring/ pdf Schneider safety switch wiring for DC/ pdf Schneider safety switches/ pdf |
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Example
DC safety switch for solar array
Use fused or non-fused Wired in series.. Positive + side is routed through 3 cut-offs Negative - side is routed through 1 cut offs |
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Safety switch hub |
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Resources: How to wire subpanel See inside main breaker box What is 3-phase electric: power plant to end user How to wire 3-phase timer |
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Light duty/ AC and DC
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Heavy duty/ AC and DC
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| Use only 600 volt wire. Lamp cord, extension cords are not rated 600 volt. Use copper wire only. Aluminum wire is fire risk and should be avoided or installed by professional. 30 amp breaker use 10 gauge / 120-240 volt 30 amp outlet can be installed on 30 amp breaker only/ use 10 gauge wire ... cannot be connected to 15-20-40 amp breaker.  Orange/ #10 gauge wire, with ground ... 30 amp capacity. Safe maximum: 30 x 80% = 24 amps. Buy: 10-2 gauge/ 30 amp 10-3/ 30 amp Southwire electric tools |
Yellow
12 gauge 20 amp 120 volt 20 amp outlet can be installed on 20 amp breaker, but not 15 amp breaker/ use 12 ga wire. ... cannot be connected to 30-40 amp breaker.  Yellow/ #12 gauge wire, with ground ... 20 amp capacity. Safe maximum 16 amps. Buy: 12-2 gauge/ 20 amp 12-3/ 20 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground Rolls of stranded wire |
White
14 gauge 15 amp 120 volt 15 amp outlet, AFCI, GFCI, timer, switch etc can be installed on 15 or 20 amp breaker. Never connect 15 gauge wire to 20-30-40 amp breaker.  White/ #14 gauge wire, with ground ... 15 amp capacity. Safe maximum 12 amps. Buy: 14-2 gauge/ 15 amp 14-3/ 15 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
| 50-60
amp breaker use 6 gauge / 240 volt 50 outlet can be installed on 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 6-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
40-50
amp breaker use 8 gauge / 240 volt 40 amp outlet can be installed on 40 or 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 8-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
  Copper ground wire. Every device, load, metal enclosure etc must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous throughout installation, never switched on-off, never used as a Neutral wire. Generally ... use same size as other wire in circuit Buy: 12 gauge copper ground wire Ground wire Green ground wire Ground pigtails Ground rods/ ground clamps at Amazon |
 Contactors/ relays |
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