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How to reverse motor with switch
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Multimeter

Test for breaks in wire/ Test for voltage
Most appliance require 80% rated voltage to function correctly
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How to test and replace element
How to test thermocouple
Element tests for 120 volts
How to test wire
Safety when testing wires:
Never touch wet or previously flooded appliance.
Never stand on wet surface when working on electric.
Never stand on bare soil, put down dry boards.
Tape tester leads to wood sticks to keep hands away from power.
Use non-contact voltage tester before touching wires.
Never touch or lean into any made of metal.
Remove metal objects from pockets.
Do not use oxygen or fuel accelerants in same room as electrical repairs

Resource:
Basic house wiring

Non-contact voltage tester

Test for power without touching connectors
NEVER assume power is OFF
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Non-contact voltage tester Amazon
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Resource:
How to test electric power is off

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Blue for 16-14 wire
Yellow for 12-10 wire

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How to install terminals
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Terminals

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Terminal kit
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Yellow for 12-10 wire
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Push-on wire connectors in place of twist-on connectors

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Red 3P connector for 10-14 gauge wire
Lever connectors for stranded wire at Amazon

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Linemans handbook

 
linesman pliers
When removing insulation from wire, do NOT score or put cuts on surface of copper wire. Doing so increases resistances on wire and creates weak point.
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multimeter
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Multimeter
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Motor reversing switch
Motor reversing switches
reverse motor with switch reverse motor with switch
Power to the start winding is reversed
Identify start winding using ohm meter
Run winding will have fewer ohms.
Forward 1 to 8 and 3 to 5
Reverse 1 to 5 and 3 to 8
reverse motor with switch Reverse leads for starter coil, and motor will reverse.
Always check wiring configuration on motor label before wiring the relay and switch.

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30 amp 2-pole switch
30 amp double pole industrial grade
Magnecraft w199 relays
Siemens power relays
Magnecraft power relay
40 amp 240 volt relay
40 amp 120 volt relay
30 amp, 2-pole, open frame power relay with enclosure
SPDT relay.... different from DPST contactor.
Both perform same job. Both have 2 sets contacts. Open frame relay SPDT has extra set contacts so a second load can be turned on-off exactly opposite from off-on other load.

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Magnecraft box and cover
Magnecraft w199 relays
Siemens power relays
Siemens power relays
Magnecraft power relay
40 amp 240 volt relay
40 amp 120 volt relay

Resource:
Difference between relay and contactor
DC relays for solar panels
Reverse motor using DPDT relay
Control motor with 2 switches
Start two motors at different times
How to reverse motor with switch
Relays for DC motors and solar panels
Magnecraft spec sheet
30 amp single-pole switch
Cooper 30 Amp switch
Single-pole/ single-pole on-off switches
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30 amp 2-pole switch
30 amp industrial grade
30 amp double-pole

Heavy duty double-pole switches to turn off both hot wires in 240 volt circuit.
Always rated 240 volt.
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30 amp motor switch
40 amp motor switch
30 amp DPDT
Double pole double throw 30 amp switch
DPDT switch can be used to toggle between 2 different voltages.
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30 amp DPDT switch

Resource:
Use this switch to toggle water heater between 120-240 volt
Reverse motor with switch
Forward and reverse wiring on 120 volt motor.

Change leads for starter coil, and motor will reverse.
Always check the configuration before wiring the relay and switch shown below.
Reverse motor with switch Relay wiring to reverse motor shown in example above

Motor must be stopped when reversing direction
When 2-pole switch is ON, the relay is ON ... motor runs forward.
When switch is OFF, the relay is OFF ... motor runs in reverse
Use double-pole motor switch.

Buy:
30 amp motor switch
40 amp motor switch
30 amp 2-pole switch
30 amp double pole industrial grade
Siemens power relays
Use 30 amp DPDT switch/ max 23 amps to reverse motor

Double pole double throw 30 amp switch
DPDT switch can be used to toggle between 2 different voltages.
Buy:
30 amp DPDT switch
30 amp, 2-pole, open frame power relay with enclosure
SPDT relay.... different from DPST contactor.
Both perform same job. Both have 2 sets contacts. Open frame relay SPDT has extra set contacts so a second load can be turned on-off exactly opposite from off-on other load.
DPDT 40 amp relay with 120 Volt coil Relay will toggle wire connections inside the motor
Use 30-40 amp for 2 Hp

Buy from my affiliate links
Magnecraft box and cover
Magnecraft w199 relays
Siemens power relays

Resource:
Difference between relay and contactor
DC relays for solar panels
Reverse motor using DPDT relay
Control motor with 2 switches
Start two motors at different times
How to reverse motor with switch
Relays for DC motors and solar panels
main breaker box
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See inside main breaker box
Basic house wiring
How to wire 3-phase
Color code for wire
Use only 600 volt wire.
Lamp cord, extension cords are not rated 600 volt.
Use copper wire only. Aluminum wire is fire risk and should be avoided or installed by professional.

30 amp breaker use 10 gauge /
120-240 volt 30 amp outlet can be installed on 30 amp breaker only/ use 10 gauge wire ... cannot be connected to 15-20-40 amp breaker.

Orange/ #10 gauge wire, with ground ... 30 amp capacity. Safe maximum: 30 x 80% = 24 amps.
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10-2 gauge/ 30 amp
10-3/ 30 amp
Southwire electric tools
Yellow 12 gauge 20 amp
120 volt 20 amp outlet can be installed on 20 amp breaker, but not 15 amp breaker/ use 12 ga wire.
... cannot be connected to 30-40 amp breaker. 1

Yellow/ #12 gauge wire, with ground ... 20 amp capacity. Safe maximum 16 amps.
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12-2 gauge/ 20 amp
12-3/ 20 amp

NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
Rolls of stranded wire
HOOK UP Wires
White 14 gauge 15 amp
120 volt 15 amp outlet, AFCI, GFCI, timer, switch etc can be installed on 15 or 20 amp breaker. Never connect 15 gauge wire to 20-30-40 amp breaker.

White/ #14 gauge wire,  with ground ... 15 amp capacity. Safe maximum 12 amps.
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14-2 gauge/ 15 amp
14-3/ 15 amp

NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
50-60 amp breaker use 6 gauge /
240 volt 50 outlet can be installed on 50 amp breaker only
6-2 wire
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6-2 wire
Southwire electric tools
NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
40-50 amp breaker use 8 gauge /
240 volt 40 amp outlet can be installed on 40 or 50 amp breaker only
6-2 wire
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8-2 wire
Southwire electric tools
NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
     
Copper ground wire.
Every device, load, metal enclosure etc must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous throughout installation, never switched on-off, never used as a Neutral wire.
Generally ... use same size as other wire in circuit
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12 gauge copper ground wire
Ground wire
Green ground wire
Ground pigtails
Ground rods/ ground clamps at Amazon
armored cable
Non metallic flexible cables must carry ground wire, but do not have hazard of short circuit causing injury from shock.

Armored steel cable can be used as a grounded connection, and will protect wires from damage. Metal can be energized from an insulation failure.

All conduit ...metal, plastic ... flexible and rigid ... must be attached to structure, and attached to enclosures, boxes.
Movement, damage and deterioration are major cause of electrical failure.
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Non-metallic flexible conduit
Power whip
Armored cable
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Pull boxes
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Electrical tools must be insulated.
Always best to disconnect power, but insulation failure, lack of proper grounding, grounded neutral, lack of GFCI, out-of-code wiring, generator operating without transfer switch, and other problems still pose a risk to anyone working on electric power ... even when breaker is off.

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stranded wire
600 volt 12 ga Stranded wire ot THHN wire is good for conduit with multiple wires ... but stranded cannot be installed under screw terminals on outlets, switches, timers etc without risk ... of heat causing splayed strands ....that come loose ... and begin to arc. Connect stranded to short piece of solid copper wire, and attach solid to screw terminal. Do not solder residential or commercial wiring.

Project wire, extension cords, thermostat, bell and automotive wire are not rated for residential or commercial wiring. Only wire maked 600 volt can be used for permanent household wiring.
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Southwire 600 volt stranded wire
Rolls of stranded wire
HOOK UP Wires

GFCI circuit breaker
A GFCI circuit breaker will protect all boxes on circuit.

Circuit must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous and connected to each piece of equipment.

White wire on circuit breaker must be connected to Neutral busbar inside the breaker panel.

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Push down
single-pole breaker
1" wide Push down breaker
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Choose from 15 to 60 amp
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Single-pole tandem breaker
Tandem breakers
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double-pole breaker
2" wide Push down breaker
Plug-in breakers
Buy double-pole:
Choose from 15 to 125 amp
Choose from 15 amp to 200 amp
Eaton CL series circuit breaker
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Double pole GFCI
Electricity leaves power plant Resource: Electricity:
The grid is defined by three parts: transmission, distribution and end user. The following links show how it works
Power plant to end user power pole
Power pole to residential breaker box
Power pole to commercial breaker box

How to wire residential electric
How to wire commercial 3-phase

Why you need ground wire
How to wire 3-phase timer
3-phase water heater

Contactors/ relays
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