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Which is best electric water heater Which is best gas water heater |
 Source: New-water-heater-rules/ pdf |
New energy standard April 2015 More than 55 gallon: More technology = more maintenance and higher cost. Electric water heaters over 55 gallon must be heat pump to meet energy standards Less than 55 gallon: 30-40-50 gallon tank: more insulation, larger size, higher efficiency, higher cost, but otherwise remain mostly unchanged after 2015 energy standard. If you are running short of hot water Calculate first hour Ways to increase hot water Two water heaters What size water heater If electric bill is too high: Water heater causing high electric bill 9-ways-to-save-with-water-heater |
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Any
brand 30-40-50 gallon tank-type electric is good For easy DIY repairs, avoid electronic controls and choose ordinary tank heater. Ordinary tank heater can be repaired and maintained to last almost indefinitely if anode is changed each 3-5 years, the water softener is not set too high, the heater is properly grounded, location is protected from freezing temperatures, sediment is cleaned out periodically, water supply is reasonably clean or filtered., and water is void of reactive chemicals. AO Smith brand is my preferred recommendation, Whirlpool, State, Reliance, American, Kenmore, Craftmaster are AO Smith brands. Bradford White uses combo anodes. Combo anode rods are not best choice since they are difficult to replace. Rheem makes Reliant, GE ... and does not post repair or maintenance manuals. Rheem is pushing proprietary parts to end DIY, that might be sold at higher price. Despite opinions about anode rods, business-practices and electronics .... all three major manufactures make a good product. Warranties are same across all brands. Resources How to maintain water heater Anode rods How to repair electric water heater How to install electric water heater Convert electronic water heater to ordinary |
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New 30-40-50 gallon tanks have .95 efficiency Chart shows 2012 and 2015 efficiency standard for electric water heaters. Efficiency is a comparative measure of two simulated conditions: How efficiently the unit uses fuel, and heat retention during 'stand-by'. Efficiency is a formula: EF - (.0003 x tank volume) 2012 efficiency standard shows .94-.90 efficiency 2015 standard raises the efficiency to .95. The only difference is more insulation, resulting in larger size tank. Electric heaters have higher efficiency than gas heaters, but cost more to operate than gas, because gas delivers more BTUs per unit of fuel. Resources Two water heaters What size water heater Source of chart |
 EcoSmart Buy: EcoSmart tankless Resource EcoSmart manual |
On-demand electric heaters cost
more to operate and might require larger electric service
Whole house tankless consume more energy per gallon of heated water. That's because water must be heated as it quickly passes though the heat exchanger. If home sips hot water, a tankless can save money. But for average family consumption a ordinary tank water heater is a cheaper alternative. Tankless cannot be exposed to more than 11 grains hardness in water. A softener is required. Heat exchanger must be delimed each year to maintain efficiency. Water filter located on unit should be checked and cleaned once every 6 months. Maintenance and repairs are generally not DIY. Unit cannot be maintained to last forever. In winter, colder incoming water reduces the amount of hot water that can be delivered to tap. So areas with warmer year-round temperatures, or a naturally warm water supply (over 60°F) will benefit. But tank heater enjoy same benefit and will cost less to operate if incoming water is warmer. Tankless are not 'instant' hot water unless you install a small tankless unit under sink. it takes just as long for hot to get to tap as a tank heater. Electrical demand for whole house tankless can be 120 amps. Most home services are 150-200-250 amp. Check amp rating of main breaker. 120 amp demand can quickly overtax average household service panel. Minimum 250 amp service upgrade is required. Resources How-to-wire-Tankless-electric-water-heater.html How to install under counter water heater |
 Heat
pump water heater is only
electric heater available in 80 gallon sizeApril 2015 energy standard required manufactures to meet higher efficiency. The only way to provide 80 gallon and still meet energy standard was to increase technology (and sale price + inconvenience for folks on a budget or with small living space). Option is to install two regular water heaters. Resources Two water heaters What size water heater ... might save money if unit is installed in attic or garage that is naturally warm, and unit does not require repairs ... but ordinary water heater will have same advantages if located in naturally warm location, plus ordinary is fully DIY repairable. Heat pump requires incoming air supply, Which draws air into the house much like a gas water heater. This works against the HVAC system and consumes additional energy. Because of the need for air supply, heat pump cannot be located in a small closet, sealed store room, or dirty, dusty environment like laundry room or shop. Heat pump air intake screen needs to be cleaned periodically. Installation location requires floor drain for condensation that can drip from unit. Heat pump uses ambient air temperature to heat water. If heater is installed in an air-conditioned or heated house, then the unit consumes energy put out from the HVAC system to heat water. This works against the predicted savings, since the HVAC is supplying the ambient air temperature and must work harder to heat the water. Heat pump cannot be maintained to last forever, the anode rod that prevents rusting and requires inspection each 1-3 years, is located under the compressor and is not easily accessible. Contrast regular tank heater that can be maintained to last forever. Heat pump repairs are expensive and generally not DIY. Resources Typical heat pump service manual Heat pumps are not a proven savings because of repair, purchase, and replacement costs ... all costs are energy. Resources Review GE heat pump |
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Whirlpool Energy Smart Electric
water heater
This is typical 240 Volt non-simultaneous electric water heater, except with control modes that might save money if state has peak pricing. Otherwise the same amount of electricity is needed to heat a gallon of water, the physics of water heating is not changed by setting different modes. With ordinary use, expect same cost as same-size model as ordinary 40-50 gallon non-electronic water heater. Energy smart can be maintained to last forever, and offers same advantages as tank type heater for DIY repair, except thermostat and controls are not sold at local hardware store. 40 gallon ENERGY SMART/ Example image of 40 gallon tank, 12 year warranty: You can add a timer to the energy smart, and energy smart can be converted to regular tank-type non-electronic water heater as a way to sidestep expensive repairs, or unavailable parts. Resources Review energy smart Cost to operate water heater. Energy Smart Manual How to convert energy smart water heater to ordinary water heater Whirlpool-energy-smart-service-manual-6510306.pdf |
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Anode rod is key to tank longevity and should be easily accessible Be sure to check if the water heater has a port for anode rod located on top of heater. There are two basic kinds of anode rod ... combo and hex head. If water heater has a port located on top of heater covered by plastic cap, then anode is standard 1-1/16" hex that can be removed with a socket. The combo anode rod is different. It is connected to hot water nipple ... except the nipple may be short, and it is difficult to get a wrench on it ... and it cannot be removed easily. Image shows anode rod location on typical hex head electric water heater. This water heater was rusted out and needed replacement because anode was not checked and replaced periodically. In the example shown on left, the water heater was still under warranty, and tank was covered for replacement. Resources How to maintain electric water heater How to troubleshoot electric water heater How to replace anode rod Buy: Buy anodes at Amazon |
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3-phase
electric
water heaters for home use: People sometimes have opportunity to own commercial grade 3-phase electric water heater. Three-phase electric water heaters are not more efficient, unless they are fully balanced and connected to commercial three-phase power. Most commercial electric water heaters are non balanced, and have same efficiency as residential heaters. All heaters have rating label that specifies single or 3-phase. Non-balanced means the electric power is not spread evenly over the three wires on the 3-phase circuit. 3-phase (non-balanced or balanced) can be converted to home-use with wiring change-over. When installing 3-phase commercial water heater in residential home, pay attention to thermostat range and element rating... commercial thermostats can have very high temperature range that is dangerous for residential home. Elements can be rated with too high voltage and heater will not perform as expected. Elements and thermostats are generic for both residential and non-balanced, and can be replaced. Resources: How to convert 3-phase water heater to single phase Commercial 3-phase thermostats |
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DIY solar water heating resources: Convert electric heater directly to solar panels/ high voltage Convert electric heater directly to solar panels/ low voltage 2-panel system by Techluck DIY bread box |
 | Commercial recirculated water system: Solar water unit |
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Tools DEWALT Black and Decker Stanley SKIL Makita Porter-Cable Bosch Irwin Hand tools Klein hand tools Fluke electrical testing Dremel hobby tools Campbell Hausfeld air powered Tekton automotive Powerbuilt automotive Saws and saw blades |
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Resource: Compare box timers DPDT timers Intermatic Control water heater w/ Z-wave |
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Resource: Intermatic control centers: and parts Digital control centers and parts Tork control centers and parts Subpanels All control centers and parts Enclosures |
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Resource: Programmable timers Countdown timers Off delay timers On delay timers Timer modules Din rail Twin & one-shot Woods Intermatic Tork |
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Recirculation systems |
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