Link to: New government water heater standards April 2015
How much does it cost to run water heater/
all costs are energy

If it high tech heater costs $400 to repair.... the cost affects monthly bill
If water heater is not maintained, it will shorten lifespan and the cost affects monthly bill
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     Current gas water heater timer on market
The Aquanta wifi-controlled gas water heater timer interfaces with the COM port on WV series Honeywell gas valve for atmospheric heaters.
It does not interface with power vent Honeywell, but works with power vented heaters by connecting to incoming voltage.
This means the Aquanta works with both types of Honewell gas valves

Aquanta does not work with mechanical gas valves.

Buy:
Aquanta for gas water heaters
Aquanta for electric water heaters

Resource
Aquanta-gas-electric timer-Installation
gas meter on gas water heater Install meter on Gas water heater
Record exact usage of BTU of gas appliances.
3/4" pipe thread connections. Use yellow teflon tape or gas-approved sealant.
No excess tape or sealant inside pipe. Use black pipe or yellow flex line. Keep pipes clean during assembly.
Install in vertical position with inlets pointing up as illustrated.
12.2" Tall x 8.5" Wide x 11.2" Deep
No power source required
Digital readout in cubic feet
Remote Readable option (pulse output) using EKM-25IDS

Buy:
EKM gas meter
Approved gas pipe sealant
Yellow gas line

EKM gas meter
Resource
Gas meter spec sheet with optional remote monitor specs
Numbers shown below are based on efficiency of 30-40-50 gallon water heaters.
Efficiency is based on two factors: Fuel consumption, and heat retention during 'stand-by'.
Energy factor is not efficiency
Energy factor is a formula for calculating efficiency
Source for efficiency/ pdf
Energy cost of 1 bath: assumes 60x30x14 insulated bathtub
water consumption bathtubAssumes Temperature rise 60°
Summertime incoming water temp 60°, raise to 120° hot water inside tank.
Assumes 104° water temperature at bath, 75% to 80% hot-cold ratio.

Total 42 gallon bathtub to overflow
Displacement 20 gallon for person
Total water consumption 20 gallon fairly large person.
16-17 gallon of hot water needed for regular bathtub

Tank Electric water heater
It takes .146666 Kwh to raise 1 gallon 60°
.146666 Kwh x 15 gallon = 2.19 Kwh per bath

Divide 2.19 Kwh by efficiency rating of water heater (.95), then multiply by cost per Kwh hour you pay.

Example 1:  typical pre-2015 electric water heater efficiency is 93%: no matter 30-40-50 gallon
So 2.16 Kwh ÷ .93 = 2.32 Kwh x 15¢ = cost 34.8¢ per bath

Example 2: typical 2015 electric water heater efficiency is 95%: for 30-40-50 gallon
So 2.16 Kwh ÷ .95 = 2.27 Kwh x 15¢ = cost 34.1¢ per bath

Winter incoming cold water 40°
80° temperature rise .19554
2.93 Kwh ÷ .95 = 3.08 Kwh x 15¢ = 46¢
46¢ per bath
Tank gas water heater

Example 1: typical 2012 50 gallon gas water heater efficiency .55, and this is generous efficiency for older water heater with dirty combustion parts and build up of sediment on heat transfer surface.

Calculation for 2102 50 gallon: 8520 BTU ÷ .55 efficiency = 15490 BTU for 1 bath
15490 BTU x.00001 therm = .15490 therms per bath x .69 per therm = 10.7¢ per bath
So 10.7¢ per bath, at sea level, depending on cost of therms.
Same calculation for 2012 30 gallon with .58 efficiency = 10.1¢ per bath

Example 2: typical water heater manufactured after April 2015, for 50 gallon heater, and let's say new heater still has full efficiency of .60.

Calculation for 2015 50 gallon: 8520 BTU ÷ .60 efficiency = 14200 BTU for 1 bath.
14200 BTU x .00001 therm = .14200 therms x .69 per therm = .098¢ or 10¢ per bath.
Cost 10¢ per bath, at sea level, depending on cost of therms.
Same calculation for 2015 30 gallon with .63 efficiency = 9.3¢ per bath.
Cost of 1 bath: assumes large walk-in bathtub
Assumes Temperature rise 60°
Incoming water temp 60°, raise to 120° hot water inside tank
Assumes 45 gallon of hot water needed for walk-in bathtub

Total water consumption 55 gallon
Total Hot consumption 45 gallons
Electric water heater
Pre 2015
3 times more gallons of Hot needed for oversized vs regular bathtub
1.04 per bath

Post 2015
3 times more gallons of Hot needed for oversized vs regular bathtub
1.02 per bath

Gas water heater
Pre 2015
3 times more gallons of Hot needed for oversized vs regular bathtub
32¢ per oversized bath

Post 2015
3 times more gallons of Hot needed for oversized vs regular bathtub
30¢ per oversized bath

How to maintain water heater
11. Behavior that will save money: Maintain water heater to last twice as long
Save $8-10 per month replacement cost
If water heater lasts 10 years, and cost $600 to buy and install today, but $1200 to buy and install 10 years from now, then the depreciation cost is $8-10 per month.
All costs are energy. Add depreciation cost to monthly energy bill to accurately estimate cost for operating water heater.
It makes sense to maintain water heater.
Resources:
Flush tank each 6 months
Inspect for leaks each 6 months
Check and replace anode rod each 1-3 years
Check pressure/ pressure should not exceed 80 psi
Read and save product manual
Troubleshoot resources for electric
Troubleshoot resources for gas
Safety precautions
More Do-it-yourself resources
Protect heater: Install whole house surge
 4 ways to cut energy cost:
Use less hot water, use renewable energy, use cheap and simple DIY products, avoid complex non-DIY products (heat pumps)
Avoid promotional literature that promises amazing savings (tankless)
Resources
Things to increase amount of hot water
9 ways to save with water heater

Numbers on this page DO NOT consider maintenance and repair and other factors
Numbers do not consider cost of parts, risk of power surge, ease of installation, inconvenience of installation, integration with other sources of energy (solar), ease of maintenance, vulnerability to hard water and water conditions.

1) For example ordinary electric water heater: simple to install, cheap & easy DIY repair using generic parts, service manuals available, can be integrated with timers and solar and geothermal, can be integrated with DC power, can run on any voltage, can be connected to single-phase or 3-phase, can be installed anywhere inside structure including under sink or small closet, can store heat, does not suck air into home, can be easily metered to determine exact cost, no electronics, can be repaired after strong surge, can be fully insulated with a blanket, pipes can be insulated right down to tank, personal belongings can be set against tank, can be maintained to last almost forever, can be exposed hard water and restore full efficiency afterward, can be connected to PV solar or passive solar, can be wired many different ways to meet peak electric pricing, electricity is manufactured at power plant where carbon abatement is localized instead of at each home

2) Contrast with electric heat pump. Differences. Heat pump is large and heavy, makes noise, cannot be repaired DIY, no service manuals, fewer generic parts, must be installed in 10'x10' room and spaces 7" away from wall, requires clean incoming air supply, can affect heat-cooling bill, filter cleaning yearly, requires condensate drain, electronics vulnerable to surge, must be continually connected to power source, using timer can reset water heater to default, must be connected to clean stable 240 Volt, cannot be integrated with other sources of electric power such as 120 volt or 277 volt etc, might be repairable after power surge, strong power surge will destroy many parts, cannot be fully insulated, can NOT be maintained to last forever.
All Costs are energy
Total energy-cost equals purchase-price of water heater, plus installation, plus expected maintenance, repairs-and-parts, plus water softener-and-filter, plus disposal-recycling cost, divided by years of tank life. These numbers are added to monthly energy consumption to measure true cost of a water heater.

Industry promotional brochures usually consider only energy cost per gallon of heated water for brand new tank under ideal conditions. And do not consider drop in efficiency over time, or peripheral costs listed above.
How much does it cost to run ordinary electric water heater
3 hours is approximate daily run-time for water heater [depending on usage and temperature of incoming water etc]

Examples assume ordinary 240Volt water heater/ non-simultaneous operation

5500 Watts x 3 hours = 16,500 watt-hours or 16.5 Kwh per day
For a full 30-day month <=> 30 days x 16.5 Kwh per day = 495 Kwh per month for water heater electricity
Calculate cost <=> 495 Kwh x $.10 per Kwh = $49.50 + add tax
3 hours per day
5500 Watt  = 495 Kwh per month
4500 Watt  = 405 Kwh per month
3500 Watt  = 315 Kwh per month
1500 Watt = 135 Kwh per month
Watts appear on water heater label
3 hours a day @ 10 ¢ per Kwh
5500 Watt tank = $49.50 per month
4500 Watt tank = $40.50 per month
3500 Watt tank = $31.50 per month
1500 Watt tank = $13.50 per month
+ add tax
3 hours a day @ 12 per Kwh
5500 Watt tank = $59.40 per month
4500 Watt tank = $48.60 per month
3500 Watt tank = $37.80 per month
1500 Watt tank = $16.20 per month
3 hours a day @ 14¢ 12¢per Kwh
5500 Watt tank = $69.30 per month
4500 Watt tank = $56.70 per month
3500 Watt tank = $44.10 per month
1500 Watt tank = $18.90 per month
3 hours a day @ $.16 per Kwh
    5500 Watt tank = $79.20 per month + tax
    4500 Watt tank = $64.80 per month
    3500 Watt tank = $50.40 per month
    1500 Watt tank = $21.60 per month
     3 hours a day @ $.20 per Kwh
    5500 Watt tank = $99.00 per month + tax
    4500 Watt tank = $81.00 per month
    3500 Watt tank = $63.00 per month
    1500 Watt tank = $27.00 per month
Avg state price chart in pdf
Tank wattage:
Figure volts amps watts for water heater
1. Find label on side of water heater
2. -or- Google brand and model number of heater to find .pdf of manual
3. Voltage & wattage also written on end of each element see example

See label image
Look for watts on label
1. Watt rating of element(s) is usually 1500, 3500, 4500, or 5500 Watts
2. Element wattage ranges from 600 to 6000
3. Water heater wattage is same as element wattage, since both elements are not turned ON at same time.
Cost performance electric water heaters
Larger image

Read: Heat pump connected to refrigerator heat
Cost performance of electric water heaters.
Numbers are for comparison only. Maintenance is not considered.
Cheaper water heaters have lower EF, are cheaper to maintain.
More expensive water heaters generally have higher EF, are more expensive to maintain. You probably cannot fix heat-pump water heater yourself.
All costs are energy and more expensive heaters cost more to install and cost more to maintain, so the payback period shown is probably not accurate.
Resources
Read PDF
Attend the Hot Water Forum
9 ways to save with water heater
Cost to operate gas water heater
Larger image
All figures are approximate.
Use chart to compare gas water heaters at time of purchase
Call gas supplier to get therm value of your gas
If your gas bill shows 60 cents per therm, then look at water heater energy factor to estimate yearly cost.

For example:
Cost per therm of gas is 60 cents.
Difference between EF.51 and EF.63 is $33 per year
Life of appliance is 10 years = $330 over 10 years

Be careful to compare water heaters with same recovery and first hour delivery.
Higher recovery and first-hour water heaters consume more fuel and cost more per year to operate.
13.446 lbs CO2 per therm
All figures are approximate*
Figures are for NEW water heater set at 120 degrees
Figures are for optimal conditions: Burner is clean, combustion transfer surface is not covered with sediment, etc
Temperature setting affects cost: higher thermostat setting costs more
Incoming water temperature affects cost: colder water costs more to heat
All costs are energy:
Lower consumption and turn down thermostat to save money. Maintain water heater so water heater is not replaced frequently. Read more

Gas water heater efficiency with water softener Read
Efficiency is not same as energy savings/ all costs are energy.
flammable vapors
Flammable vapor retardation

Compare gas valves

See basic 120V and 240V water heater circuits
Recirculation system
Hot water circulation system
Solar water heater
9+ ways to save with water heater

Motorized shut off valve

Anode rods

Clean sediment from tank


Troubleshoot gas water heater

Troubleshoot electric water heater

Remove water heater from attic

How to install gas water heater
Support the economy:
Buy water heaters from my associate links:

50 gallon Gas water heaters at Amazon
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Hybrid / heat pump/ water heaters at Amazon

Resources:
How to install gas water heater
How to install electric water heater
Troubleshoot gas water heater
Troubleshoot electric water heater
Point of use water heaters
Resources:
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Icon gas valve

How to replace water heater element Waste King disposal
How to wire tankless electric


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