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How
to wire single water heater timers Back to: Step 1: Gather Materials Back to: Step 2: Connect wires |
| Use only 600 volt wire. Lamp cord, extension cords are not rated 600 volt. Use copper wire only. Aluminum wire is fire risk and should be avoided or installed by professional. 30 amp breaker use 10 gauge / 120-240 volt 30 amp outlet can be installed on 30 amp breaker only/ use 10 gauge wire ... cannot be connected to 15-20-40 amp breaker.  Orange/ #10 gauge wire, with ground ... 30 amp capacity. Safe maximum: 30 x 80% = 24 amps. Buy: 10-2 gauge/ 30 amp 10-3/ 30 amp Southwire electric tools |
Yellow
12 gauge 20 amp 120 volt 20 amp outlet can be installed on 20 amp breaker, but not 15 amp breaker/ use 12 ga wire. ... cannot be connected to 30-40 amp breaker. 1  Yellow/ #12 gauge wire, with ground ... 20 amp capacity. Safe maximum 16 amps. Buy: 12-2 gauge/ 20 amp 12-3/ 20 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground Rolls of stranded wire HOOK UP Wires |
White
14 gauge 15 amp 120 volt 15 amp outlet, AFCI, GFCI, timer, switch etc can be installed on 15 or 20 amp breaker. Never connect 15 gauge wire to 20-30-40 amp breaker.  White/ #14 gauge wire, with ground ... 15 amp capacity. Safe maximum 12 amps. Buy: 14-2 gauge/ 15 amp 14-3/ 15 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
| 50-60
amp breaker use 6 gauge / 240 volt 50 outlet can be installed on 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 6-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
40-50
amp breaker use 8 gauge / 240 volt 40 amp outlet can be installed on 40 or 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 8-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
  Copper ground wire. Every device, load, metal enclosure etc must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous throughout installation, never switched on-off, never used as a Neutral wire. Generally ... use same size as other wire in circuit Buy: 12 gauge copper ground wire Ground wire Green ground wire Ground pigtails Ground rods/ ground clamps at Amazon |
 Non metallic flexible cables must carry ground wire, but do not have hazard of short circuit causing injury from shock. Armored steel cable can be used as a grounded connection, and will protect wires from damage. Metal can be energized from an insulation failure. All conduit ...metal, plastic ... flexible and rigid ... must be attached to structure, and attached to enclosures, boxes. Movement, damage and deterioration are major cause of electrical failure. Buy: Non-metallic flexible conduit Power whip Armored cable Southwire armored cable cutter Pull boxes |
 Electrical tools must be insulated. Always best to disconnect power, but insulation failure, lack of proper grounding, grounded neutral, lack of GFCI, out-of-code wiring, generator operating without transfer switch, and other problems still pose a risk to anyone working on electric power ... even when breaker is off. Buy: Electrician tools kits KLEIN TOOLS Tools kits IRWIN tools KNIPEX Telephone cable knife Low Voltage Mounting Bracket for Telephone |
Push-on wire connectors in place of twist-on connectorsBuy:Push on wire connectors Amazon Red 3P connector for 10-14 gauge wire Lever connectors for stranded wire at Amazon HOOK UP Wires |
 Protect wiring from damage Use nipper instead of pliers or screwdriver for removing staples (and nails). Do not damage cable or wires inside cable. -Code says: Cable SHALL BE secured without damage to the outer covering. NEC sec. 336-15 Buy End cutting nippers at Amazon |
  Electrically insulated tools When removing insulation from wire, do NOT score or put cuts on surface of copper wire. Doing so increases resistance and heat on wire and creates possible weak point. Buy tools: KLEIN TOOLS Wire strippers at Amazon Electric Wire Stripping Machine Linesman pliers Utility knife at Amazon |
 Multimeters Voltage is tested across two separate wires. Ohms or resistance is tested across both ends of same wire. Amperage is tested along one or two points on same wire. Buy: Analog multimeter Multimeters at Amazon Klein multimeter Electric testers at Amazon Clampmeter for testing amp flow on line |
 GFCI circuit breaker A GFCI circuit breaker will protect all boxes on circuit. Circuit must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous and connected to each piece of equipment. White wire on circuit breaker must be connected to Neutral busbar inside the breaker panel. Buy GFCI circuit breakers |
Push down 1" wide Push down breaker Plug-in breaker Buy single-pole: Choose from 15 to 60 amp Eaton CL series Siemens 15-60 amp Single-pole tandem breaker Tandem breakers |
Push down 2" wide Push down breaker Plug-in breakers Buy double-pole: Choose from 15 to 125 amp Choose from 15 amp to 200 amp Eaton CL series circuit breaker Siemens circuit breaker Double pole GFCI |
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Neutral required: This plan draws hot and neutral from any outlet box. Applies to all programmable timers, countdown, wifi and zwave home automation devices. Buy: Programmable timer Countdown timer Zwave switch Wifi switch |
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Neutral required: This plan draws hot and neutral from any outlet box. Applies to zwave home automation devices. Buy: Zwave switch |
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No neutral required: Intermatic ST01C is best choice/ no neutral required 7-day programmable timer/ or dawn-dusk or dusk-dawn Timer rated max 15 amp AC voltage: Use Fuse and fusholder Buy: 3-way switches at Amazon Intermatic ST01 timer at Amazon Resource: More wiring for ST01C + ST01C programming Intermatic timers: ST01C & Ei600 Materials list/ and step-by-step for timer project |
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Buy fuseholder that accepts terminals Solder can melt with the flow of amperage Solder can only be used for structural wiring such as intercom, phone, doorbell etc Buy: fuseholder: Buy fuseholders ANL fuseholder Buy: Terminal kit at Amazon with crimp tool Electrical terminals at Amazon Blue 14-16 gauge female terminals 20 pcs at Amazon Yellow 12-10 gauge female terminal 16 pcs 360 pc assortment at Amazon |
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More
uses for ST01 timer ST01 timer controls water heater or any 240 volt load Resource: Control motor with ST01 timer Reverse ST01 using Intermatic air switch / Resource: Intermatic air switches Use ST01C for 4-way timer ST01 24 volt DC photoeye Convert single-pole switch into 3-way switch using ST01/ Resource: How to add a switch How to add 3-way switch ST01 timer controls HVAC |
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FD
and FF spring-wound countdown timers Timer powered by mechanical spring instead of voltage Connect either terminal to either wire Buy:/ compare all brands countdown timer: Countdown timers |
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2-pole
40 amp contactor With removable dust cover on top. Select correct voltage needed to control coil. Water heaters typically use 240 volt coil, HVAC replacement is 24 volt coil. Typical 2-pole contactors are rated with 24, 120, 208-240 volt coils. Three pole contactors for 3-phase are available in more coil voltages not found in residential applications such as 277, 480 etc. Using the wrong coil voltage will cause problems. Selecting a contactor rated for more amps is better, so using 240 volt 40 amp contactor for 240 volt 30 amp water heater is fine. Buy 2-Pole 40A resistive 120Volt coil 40 amp 240Volt coil 24 volt coil Packard contactor Mars 2-pole and 3-pole contactors Rheem HVAC replacement contactors 50 amp contactor 60 amp contactor |
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2-pole
40 amp contactor in 6x6x4 enclosure Using #8-32 x 3/4" bolts Install contactor at angle leaves room for wire Contactors are DPST Double pole, single throw. Both wires in 240 volt circuit can be switched on-off at same time Buy: Indoor 6x6x4 metal pull box with cover and knock-outs Indoor 6x6x4 pull box with knockouts on 4 sides/ Wiegman Outdoor 6x6x4 box with bottom knockouts Indoor 6x6x4 metal pull box with cover and knock-outs/ Raco Indoor/ hinged door 10x10 x 6 / Bud Industries Indoor / hinged door/ 6x8x4 box / Bud Industries Bud industries boxes at Amazon Arlington boxes at Amazon Resources:  Contactors How to wire contactor for water heater Types of enclosures Compare types of enclosures |
| How
to identify Black hot wire inside box: Requires ordinary tester. With residential 120 Volt wiring, each box has only 1 hot wire. By code the hot wire is black. This test assumes you are testing ceiling box, wall box with plug, wall box with multiple plugs, outdoor box, wall box with several switches, wall box with one switch. Test does not necessarily work with 3-way switch, since switch on other end can affect outcome. Test does not work with 240V circuits. Turn off power. Mark wires with tape and numbers. Take photo of wires. Disconnect all wires from each other and separate. Turn power back on. Using ordinary tester, test each wire to bare ground. Only one wire will show power when tested to ground. That is the Black hot wire. Mark it. Turn off power. Reconnect wires.  Resources: See basic water heater circuit Figure Volts Amps Watts for water heater |
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Keep wires straight Use solid copper wire If wiring terminal or end of wire are covered with green, use emery board to clean terminal and sandpaper to clean wire. |
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Both wires MUST be same
gauge Straighten each wire If wire is corroded or overheated, clean the end with sandpaper and wipe with cloth. If wire has been melted, cut back and reattach, or replace wire. Tighten screw very tight against copper wire |
Use wire connector |
Use push-on wire connectors |
3
wires/ or different gauge wires Join wires with wire connector or push-on connector Run jumper to screw terminal. Buy: Push on wire connectors at Amazon Red 3P connector (shown) for 10-14 gauge wire Connector assortment Resource: How to select and install wire connector |
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Fire safety/ Do not put stranded
wire under screw plate Do not install stranded wire under screw. Problem1: picture shows 2 different gauge wires under screw plate Problem2: Stranded wire will expand and contract and come loose under screw plate, even if it is the only wire under the screw plate Attach stranded wire and solid wire with wire connector, and run solid copper jumper wire to screw terminal Take photo of wires before starting.  Resources: Timer caught fire Load ratings for Intermatic timers/ pdf |
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  12 Ga |
10 gauge or 12 gauge? Compare your wire with short pieces of 10 and 12 gauge wire from local box store 10 gauge for 30 amp breaker. 10 gauge wire can have black-white and sometimes black-red 12 gauge for 20 amp breaker 12 gauge will have black and white wires . Resources: Match color code and amp rating for wire Basic house wiring |
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Add black tape when White wire
carries voltage (applies to 208 and 240V
circuits) With 120 and 277 Volt circuits, White wire is Neutral, and Black is Hot With 208 and 240 circuits, both wires are Hot, and both wires carry voltage Black tape on White wire identifies wire is Hot and not Neutral |
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Buy Electronic parts Industrial supplies Tools and home improvement Home and garden Hayward pool Pentair pool Southwire electric |
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Buy
Tools DEWALT Black and Decker Stanley SKIL Makita Porter-Cable Bosch Irwin Hand tools Klein hand tools Fluke electrical testing Dremel hobby tools Campbell Hausfeld air powered Tekton automotive Powerbuilt automotive Saws and saw blades |
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Resource: Compare box timers DPDT timers Intermatic Control water heater w/ Z-wave |
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Resource: Intermatic control centers: and parts Digital control centers and parts Tork control centers and parts Subpanels All control centers and parts Enclosures |
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Resource: Programmable timers Countdown timers Off delay timers On delay timers Timer modules Din rail Twin & one-shot Woods Intermatic Tork |
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Recirculation systems |
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