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Wiring diagramsReturn to Page 1: Overview and buy materials for timer project
Go to Page 3 Wiring details
Resource: safe electric wiring
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Page 2 of 3:
Wiring diagrams Return to Page 1: Overview and buy materials for timer project Go to Page 3 Wiring details Resource: safe electric wiring |
| Personal
safety.
Always turn power off at breaker. Use non contact
voltage tester to check if power is off. Never stand on bare ground or
wet or damp surface when working with electricity. Put down dry boards.
Tape wood sticks to tester leads to keep hands away from live power.
More people are killed by 120 volt than any other voltage. 120-240 volt
circuits can kill. Always match wire and breaker size with the rating
plate on load (water heater). Use 10 gauge wire and 30 amp breaker for
ordinary residential water heater. Make sure all electric connections
are made inside enclosure or box. Box must be covered with a plate. Do
not use ground wire for the Neutral. Tighten wire connectors and screw
terminals very tight against copper wire. Do not use aluminum wire.
Solid wire is preferred over stranded wire. Attach all wire to box
using connector and secure all wire and conduit to structure.
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| No Neutral | |
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No Neutral Basic 120-240 volt AC circuit Understanding the basic 120-240 volt AC circuit is important for electric wiring. Buy: ST01 timer/ white or almond Resource See inside main breaker box Basic house wiring |
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No
neutral: This plan is same as shown above and uses Inermatic battery-operated ST01 7-day programmable timer. Suitable for operating contactor. Not suitabe for freezing temperatures due to 12 volt CR2 battery. Replace battery after 3 years. This installation requires NO Neutral wire, and is maybe the simplist design. Fuse is required: 15 amp fuse. Same plan works for any heavy-amp load such as heater, motor, pump etc single-phase or 3-phase. Buy: ST01 timer/ white or almond Panel mount fuse holders Fuse blocks Ceramic fuses Indoor 6x6x4 metal pull box Resource Go to Page 3 Wiring details |
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No neutral: This plan uses ordinary 15 amp switch This installation requires NO Neutral wire, and is simple design. Fuse is required: 15 amp fuse. Same plan works for any heavy-amp load Buy; Panel mount fuse holders Fuse blocks Ceramic fuses Weigman 6x6x4 metal pull box Buud Industries/ hinged door/ 6x8x4 box Resource Larger image of box with contactor Go to Page 3 Wiring details |
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Use 30 amp switch Water heater can be turned on-off with 1 or 2 wires Must be 30 amp switch for 240 volt water heater ... do not use 15 or 20 amp Buy 30 amp switches Resource Wire water heater with switches Ilustrations on this website made with photoshop elements Buy: Photoshop Elements |
| Neutral Required | |
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Neutral
Required Basic 120-240 volt AC circuit Understanding the basic 120-240 volt AC circuit is important for electric wiring. Buy: Programmable timer Countdown timer Zwave switch Wifi switch Resource See inside main breaker box |
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Neutral required: This plan draws hot and neutral from any outlet box. Applies to zwave home automation devices. Buy: Zwave switch |
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Neutral required: This plan draws hot and neutral from any outlet box. Applies to all programmable timers, countdown, wifi and zwave home automation devices. Buy: Programmable timer Countdown timer Zwave switch Wifi switch |
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Neutral required: This plan draws hot and neutral from any outlet box. Applies to all programmable timers, countdown, wifi and zwave home automation devices. Rule of thumb: Outlet box will always have Hot and Neutral, Switch box will always have Hot but not always Neutral, Ceiling box with light will always have Neutral but only has Hot when light is on. Switch box and ceiling box: Neutral wires are usually covered with wire nut and pushed to back of box. Buy: Programmable timer Countdown timer Zwave switch Wifi switch |
| With neutral from different source: | |
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With neutral from different source: Same as illustration shown above except with programmable timer: Black Hot from fuseholder connects to Timer Black White wire connecting to one side of contactor connects to Timer Red wire (or blue wire) Neutral for timer and contactor comes from a independent 120V source Buy: Programmable wall timers Countdown wall timers Resources Compare Programmable wall timers and manuals Compare countdown timers |
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With
neutral from
different source: This plan draws Hot from one leg of the 240 volt, and draws neutral from different source. Use this design when nearest box does not have Hot wire... for example ceiling box always has Neutral but may only have Hot wire when light is on. Applies to all programmable timers, wif and zwave home automation devices. Buy: Zwave hubs Zwave switch Wifi switch |
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Neutral from different source: Connect Neutral to independent 120V source Illustration shows how to get neutral from a ceiling box. Example of this would be any box with a light bulb found in the attic, garage, or light controlled by 3-way switch. Note: the black Hot wire going to light is only hot when light is on. Since it is not continually Hot, it isn't a reliable power source for the timer and water heater contactor. However the Neutral is always good connection point for another Neutral. Rules of thumb for residental electricity: Every box with a light has a Neutral but the Hot might be controlled by switch. Every box with a switch has a continual Hot but may not have Neutral. Every box with outlet has reliable Hot and Neutral. |
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Busman
fuse holder/ panel mount/ drill 1/2" hole Some fuseholders accept terminal connections, some have solder-only connections. Fuse blocks have screw terminals. Buy: Panel mount fuse holders at Amazon Fuse blocks at Amazon Ceramic fuses at Amazon Fast acting ceramic fuses Electrical terminals Solder guns Resources: Terminals/ Yellow for 12 gauge/ Blue for 14 gauge Stranded wire can be crimped to terminal. How to solder wire to fuseholder or to terminals. Put wire in place. Place hot tip on wire. Wait for wire to heat. Touch solder to hot wire. Solder melts. Withdraw solder. Withdraw hot tip. |
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Spring-wound
timers
Same wiring applies to ordinary 15-20 amp wall switch Require NO neutral wire Variety of times 15 minute to 12 hour Connect black and white wires to either connection point on timer. Make sure ground wire wraps of connects to metal fins on timer for proper grounding Same wiring applies to ordinary 15-20 amp wall switch/ connect either wire to either brass-colored screw on switch, and connect bare ground wire to green screw ResourceeAll brands spring wound mechanical timers Ordinary 15-20 amp switches |
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