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How to troubleshoot timers
Use only 600 volt wire.
Lamp cord, extension cords are not rated 600 volt.
Use copper wire only. Aluminum wire is fire risk and should be avoided or installed by professional.

30 amp breaker use 10 gauge /
120-240 volt 30 amp outlet can be installed on 30 amp breaker only/ use 10 gauge wire ... cannot be connected to 15-20-40 amp breaker.

Orange/ #10 gauge wire, with ground ... 30 amp capacity. Safe maximum: 30 x 80% = 24 amps.
Buy:
10-2 gauge/ 30 amp
10-3/ 30 amp
Southwire electric tools
Yellow 12 gauge 20 amp
120 volt 20 amp outlet can be installed on 20 amp breaker, but not 15 amp breaker/ use 12 ga wire.
... cannot be connected to 30-40 amp breaker. 1

Yellow/ #12 gauge wire, with ground ... 20 amp capacity. Safe maximum 16 amps.
Buy:
12-2 gauge/ 20 amp
12-3/ 20 amp

NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
Rolls of stranded wire
HOOK UP Wires
White 14 gauge 15 amp
120 volt 15 amp outlet, AFCI, GFCI, timer, switch etc can be installed on 15 or 20 amp breaker. Never connect 15 gauge wire to 20-30-40 amp breaker.

White/ #14 gauge wire,  with ground ... 15 amp capacity. Safe maximum 12 amps.
Buy:
14-2 gauge/ 15 amp
14-3/ 15 amp

NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
50-60 amp breaker use 6 gauge /
240 volt 50 outlet can be installed on 50 amp breaker only
6-2 wire
Buy:
6-2 wire
Southwire electric tools
NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
40-50 amp breaker use 8 gauge /
240 volt 40 amp outlet can be installed on 40 or 50 amp breaker only
6-2 wire
Buy:
8-2 wire
Southwire electric tools
NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
     
Copper ground wire.
Every device, load, metal enclosure etc must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous throughout installation, never switched on-off, never used as a Neutral wire.
Generally ... use same size as other wire in circuit
Buy:
12 gauge copper ground wire
Ground wire
Green ground wire
Ground pigtails
Ground rods/ ground clamps at Amazon
armored cable
Non metallic flexible cables must carry ground wire, but do not have hazard of short circuit causing injury from shock.

Armored steel cable can be used as a grounded connection, and will protect wires from damage. Metal can be energized from an insulation failure.

All conduit ...metal, plastic ... flexible and rigid ... must be attached to structure, and attached to enclosures, boxes.
Movement, damage and deterioration are major cause of electrical failure.
Buy:
Non-metallic flexible conduit
Power whip
Armored cable
Southwire armored cable cutter
Pull boxes
Southwire armored cable cutter
Electrical tools must be insulated.
Always best to disconnect power, but insulation failure, lack of proper grounding, grounded neutral, lack of GFCI, out-of-code wiring, generator operating without transfer switch, and other problems still pose a risk to anyone working on electric power ... even when breaker is off.

Buy:
Electrician tools kits
KLEIN TOOLS
Tools kits
IRWIN tools
KNIPEX

Telephone cable knife
Low Voltage Mounting Bracket for Telephone
Push on wire connectors

Push-on wire connectors in place of twist-on connectors

Buy:
Push on wire connectors Amazon
Red 3P connector for 10-14 gauge wire
Lever connectors for stranded wire at Amazon
HOOK UP Wires

Protect wiring from damage
Use nipper instead of pliers or screwdriver for removing staples (and nails). Do not damage cable or wires inside cable.

-Code says: Cable SHALL BE secured without damage to the outer covering. NEC sec. 336-15
Buy
End cutting nippers at Amazon


Electrically insulated tools
When removing insulation from wire, do NOT score or put cuts on surface of copper wire. Doing so increases resistance and heat on wire and creates possible weak point.
Buy tools:
KLEIN TOOLS
Wire strippers at Amazon
Electric Wire Stripping Machine
Linesman pliers
Utility knife at Amazon
multimeter
Multimeters
Voltage is tested across two separate wires. Ohms or resistance is tested across both ends of same wire. Amperage is tested along one or two points on same wire.
Buy:
Analog multimeter
Multimeters at Amazon
Klein multimeter
Electric testers at Amazon
Clampmeter for testing amp flow on line

GFCI circuit breaker
A GFCI circuit breaker will protect all boxes on circuit.

Circuit must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous and connected to each piece of equipment.

White wire on circuit breaker must be connected to Neutral busbar inside the breaker panel.

Buy
GFCI circuit breakers
Push down
single-pole breaker
1" wide Push down breaker
Plug-in breaker
Buy single-pole:
Choose from 15 to 60 amp
Eaton CL series
Siemens 15-60 amp

Single-pole tandem breaker
Tandem breakers
Push down
double-pole breaker
2" wide Push down breaker
Plug-in breakers
Buy double-pole:
Choose from 15 to 125 amp
Choose from 15 amp to 200 amp
Eaton CL series circuit breaker
Siemens circuit breaker
Double pole GFCI

Timer segments

Rotate timer dial Troubleshoot Analog timer
How to set analog  timers
Plug-in timer doesn't work
a) Check receptacle for power. Check if other devices work correctly on outlet.
b) Check lamp is turned ON
c) Check bulb is good.
d) Check tabs or pins are set, and manually rotate dial
f) Check override switch is pushed fully in position
g) Move override lever to different positions and manually rotate dial
h) Try timer in different plug and with different lamp
j) Test circuit with inexpensive circuit analyzer from hardware. Reversed polarity (incorrect wiring on outlet) can affect some timers and affect electronics. Buy circuit analyzer

k) Don't exceed maximum wattage rating. Refer to product manual, or product label.
l) some timers are not rated for motors, or LED, CFL, fluorescent etc bulbs... check rating
m) Check Hz or cycles rating of timer. US and Americas use 60 Hz, while Europe and Asia uses 50 Hz

n) Outdoor timer with photo cell > test with black tape over photo eye
o) Turn photo eye away from light source
p) Check if timer has battery (most modern analog timers do not have battery)
Intermatic HB61RC
More Woods photoeye timers
Troubleshoot Photocell timer
Troubleshoot photo eye timer .pdf
How to install and troubleshoot photo eye
a) Test with black tape over photo eye
b) Turn photo eye away from light source, outdoor lights, street lights, passing cars, reflected light off siding
c) Always plug into grounded GFCI-protected outlet. Do not use 2 GFCI on same outlet.
d) Check outlet for power. Turn breaker fully off and then back on.
e) Check outlet polarity with with circuit analyzer Buy circuit analyzer
f) Check that lights work... plug lights directly into outlet without using timer
g) Do not let snow accumulate over top of timer
h) Do not exceed watt rating shown in product manual
i) Check if timer is rated for type of bulb being used
j) Power surge, power outage, nearby lightning strike can knock out timer permanently. Install surge protector.
Buy: surge protection outlet
Timers and manuals:
Intermatic
Woods
GE
Tork


Woods 50009 timer
More woods programmable timers

Woods 50015 timer

 Troubleshoot Programmable timer
a) Press reset button: Reset or clear timer before starting, and after power outage, or if timer stops functioning.
b) Power surge, power outage, nearby lightning strike can knock out timer permanently
c) Check if timer has battery. Most modern timers have internal battery built into circuit board that is not replaceable.
d) Check outlet for power. Turn breaker fully off and then back on
e) Check outlet polarity with with circuit analyzer Circuit analyzer with GFCI check
f) check for tripped GFCI. Do not use two GFCI on same circuit
g) Check that lights work without timer... plug directly into outlet with power
h) Check if timer in correct mode
i) Check programming for conflicts and for overlapping programs
j) Write out programming steps
k) Don't exceed maximum wattage rating
l) Don't let snow accumulate over timer.
m) Check Hz or cycles rating of timer. US and Americas use 60 Hz, while Europe and Asia uses 50 Hz
n) Check rating on timer: some timers do not work with CFL or motors, and are rated tungsten (incandescent) only
o) If using timer for motor, check rating label on motor and look for Hp rating on timer instruction sheet
Timers and manuals:
Intermatic
Woods
GE
Tork
Sylvania
Outdoor timers
Woods 59018 timer

Troubleshoot Programmable wall timer
a) Check wiring   How to wire wall timers
b) Reset or clear timer before starting, and after power outage
c) Power surge, power outage, nearby lightning strike can knock out timer permanently
d) Check that light bulbs work
e) Check if timer in correct mode
f) Check programming for conflicts and for overlapping programs
g) Write out programming steps
h) Don't exceed maximum wattage rating
i) Check rating: Some timers are not rated for motors, or CFL bulbs
j) Check Hz or cycles rating of timer. US and Americas use 60 Hz, while Europe and Asia uses 50 Hz
k) Turn breaker fully off and then back ON
j) Check if timer has battery, Most modern timers have internal battery built into circuit board that is not replaceable. But exceptions exist, such as Intermatic ST01, Ei600, EJ500 series timers. Read about battery replacement
Check wiring
How to wire single pole timers
How to wire 3-way timers

Resources:
Woods wall timers and manuals
All programmable timers
All countdown timers
Malibu-ML200RTW
Troubleshoot power pack
Woods water heater timer
Coleman 59101 timer
Woods box timers
Box timers, manuals, wiring
Troubleshoot box timers
Turn circuit breaker fully OFF and then back ON
Check that only copper wire and no insulation is under screw plate.
Check rating plate on timer and Load. Make sure timer is rated for the Load amps.
Check rating plate on timer for voltage. Match voltage with electric supply.
Check rating plate on Load. Match voltage of timer with voltage of Load
Use only solid copper wire. No stranded wire.
Keep box cover closed
Maximum 2 wires under screw plate
Only copper wire under screw plate. Cut back insulation so no insulation under screw plate.
Check wiring See box timer wiring

Resources:
How-to-troubleshoot-Intermatic-timer.html
How to wire box timers
Match wire size and breaker and load
Fire inside timer/ burned R1 resistor

Fire safety
Use only solid copper wire, and no insulation under screw plate.
NO stranded wire
Do NOT solder end of stranded wire to make solid ... amperage will melt solder. Connect stranded wire to short jumper of solid copper wire and cover with twist on connector
Max 2 wires under screw plate
Both wires same gauge
Straighten wire ends. Clean old wire with sandpaper, or cut back and strip undamaged wire.
Always keep enclosure (box) cover closed
Larger image
Keep wires straight
Use solid copper wire
If wiring terminal or end of wire are covered with green, use emery board to clean terminal and sandpaper to clean wire.
Insdulation under screw plate
Larger image
Both wires MUST be same gauge
Straighten each wire
If wire is corroded or overheated, clean the end with sandpaper and wipe with cloth.
If wire has been melted, cut back and reattach, or replace wire.
Tighten screw very tight against copper wire

Use wire connector  
Push on wire connectors
Use push-on wire connectors
3 wires/ or different gauge wires
Join wires with wire connector or push-on connector
Run jumper to screw terminal.
Buy:
Push on wire connectors at Amazon
Red 3P connector (shown) for 10-14 gauge wire
Connector assortment
Resource:
How to select and install wire connector
Fire safety/ Do not put stranded wire under screw plate
Do not install stranded wire under screw.
Problem1: picture shows 2 different gauge wires under screw plate
Problem2: Stranded wire will expand and contract and come loose under screw plate, even if it is the only wire under the screw plate
Attach stranded wire and solid wire with wire connector, and run solid copper jumper wire to screw terminal
Take photo of wires before starting.

Resources:
Timer caught fire
Load ratings for Intermatic timers/ pdf


Larger image
10-3-wire
10-3-wire  12 Ga
10 gauge or 12 gauge?
Compare your wire with short pieces of 10 and 12 gauge wire from local box store

10 gauge for 30 amp breaker.
10 gauge wire can have black-white and sometimes black-red

12 gauge for 20 amp breaker
12 gauge will have black and white wires
.
Resources:
Match color code and amp rating for wire
Basic house wiring
Add black tape when White wire carries voltage (applies to 208 and 240V circuits)
With 120 and 277 Volt circuits, White wire is Neutral, and Black is Hot
With 208 and 240 circuits, both wires are Hot, and both wires carry voltage
Black tape on White wire identifies wire is Hot and not Neutral
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Resources:
How to install gas water heater
How to install electric water heater
Troubleshoot gas water heater
Troubleshoot electric water heater
Point of use water heaters
Resources:
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Icon gas valve

How to replace water heater element Waste King disposal
How to wire tankless electric


Install point of use water heater
Titan tankless

Contactors/ relays
Type 1 and type 2 surge protection surge protection
Programmable timers

Woods timers
surge protection
Anode rods anode rods
Recirculation system

Tankless recirculation
Point of use water heater
Install and troubleshoot garbage disposal Waste King disposal
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Tools and home improvement

Home and garden

Hayward pool
Pentair pool

Southwire electric
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Klein hand tools
Fluke electrical testing
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Campbell Hausfeld air powered
Tekton automotive

Powerbuilt automotive
Saws and saw blades
box timers Resource:
Compare box timers
DPDT timers
Intermatic
Control water heater w/ Z-wave
Intermatic control centers Resource:
Intermatic control centers: and parts
Digital control centers and parts
Tork control centers and parts
Subpanels
All control centers and parts
Enclosures
programmable timer Resource:
Programmable timers
Countdown timers
Off delay timers
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Woods
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