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Water hammer |
 Electric water heater thermostats Thermostats stick melt and come out of calibration... replace thermostat Symptoms: Cold water, uneven temperatures, reset tripping, TP releasing water Buy: Water heater thermostats at Amazon Resources: How to replace electric water heater thermostat Add another thermostat to water heater How to wire thermostats Marathon water heater thermostats Two water heaters Troubleshoot electric water heater |
  Gas water heater thermostats If tank is overheating or not heating correctly, replace thermostat Symptoms: Cold water, uneven temperatures, TP releasing water Buy: Gas water heater thermostats at Amazon Resources: How to replace gas water heater thermostat Add another thermostat to water heater Troubleshoot gas water heater |
 Question:The pipes in basement make noise when new toilet shuts off. I put a pressure gauge on nearby washing machine hose bib on the hot side, and the gauge showed a big spike in pressure when the toilet turned off. I repeated same test at the water heater drain valve, and the spike barely showed. It only happens after the new toilet is flushed Is this being caused by water hammer? Would an expansion tank solve problem? Buy: Water pressure gauges Watts telltale Water Pressure Test Gauge, 276H300 Temperature pressure gauge Resource Troubleshoot and identify water heater valves What is water hammer: It sounds like water hammer at new toilet. "Water hammer is the destructive forces, pounding noises and vibration in a piping system when water flowing through a pipeline is stopped abruptly. When water hammer occurs, a high intensity pressure wave travels back through the piping system until it reaches a point of some relief. The shock wave will then surge back and forth between the point of relief and the point of stoppage until the destructive energy is dissipated in the piping system. The violent action accounts for “banging”, “thumping”, and/or intense vibration in the pipe line. Although noise is generally associated with the occurrence of water hammer, it can occur without audible sound or noise. Quick closure always causes some degree of shock with or without noise. The common cause of water hammer is single lever faucets (sinks/lavatories) or automatic solenoid valves (dishwashers, washing machines, etc.). The speed of the valve closure time is directly related to the intensity of the surge pressure." Water hammer cause failure of pipes, water heaters, fixtures, valves, pumps etc With 1/2 ˝ copper pipe, and 5GPM flow (7.2ft/sec.) – When water makes sudden stop, the pipes experience pressure rise of approximately 412 psi. 3/4˝ copper pipe, 5GPM flow (3.3ft/sec) – stop. Pressure rise of approximately 188 psi. Answer A expansion tank can help somewhat, but air chamber is the answer. Resource Read about expansion tank Toilets usually close the valve slowly as the tank fills. Toilets don't have a sharp jarring shut off like a solenoid valve on washing machine, but every water usage point should have an air chamber installed on both hot and cold lines. Unsecured pipes can also make noises, especially with long runs. If the pipes are exposed in the basement, you can check if they are connected to structure.  However, the problem you describe, along with test
showing spike in pressure reading at washing machine points to water
hammer.If this is a new remodel, the contractor who added new toilet should have installed air chambers on the incoming water lines, concealed behind the walls. If the toilet was replaced, you might buy some time by installing new flush valve, and test again. Since water hammer can occur without noise, some of the other faucets should be checked while pressure gauge is on water heater drain valve. You can retroactively install air chamber or hammer arrestor. If the basement is unfinished, and washing machine pipes or other nearby pipes are accessible, then a chamber can be stubbed off the line. At my house, I saved money making my own air chambers using 18" piece of copper pipe with a cap. As long as air chamber is upright, it won't fill with water. Since the spike in pressure does not affect your water heater, then the water heater will not fail because of that issue, and as long as household pressure is kept below 80 psi (50 psi is preferred), then plumbing and heater will not be adversely affected. Buy: Hammer arrestor Anti-hammer valve Resource Read about pressure reducing valves and expansion tank |
 Water hammer can be prevented by installing 18 air chamber inside wall. |
 Pressure over timeFor people wanting to know about water pressure spikes over time, a pressure logger can be used. This can be useful if water heater or plumbing fixtures fail frequently. Always check the obvious first: -Water softener can deplete the anode rod, resulting in rusted tank -Stray current corrosion, where electrical items are grounded to water pipes that connect to water heater. -Check with neighbors if they have similar plumbing failures. -Check for closed system, where home has check valve or other restricting valve installed on water line, causing extremely high water pressures Buy: Water pressure logger Pressure loggers Pressure and temperature logger Resources: Read about closed system Anode rods |
| Water hammer is a concussion of moving water against
the sides of a
containing pipe or vessel on a sudden stoppage of flow. Ex: 1/2 ˝ copper pipe, 5GPM flow (7.2ft/sec.) – stop. Pressure rise of approximately 412 psi 3/4˝ copper pipe, 5GPM flow (3.3ft/sec) – stop. Pressure rise of approximately 188 psi |
"The damage from water hammer can manifest itself in a number of ways. The most common are: - Expanded water heater Shell - This can be demonstrated by measuring the circumference at various points along the shell. Pressures in excess of the maximum design working pressure of 150 psi can cause permanent deformation of the shell. - Collapsed Flue Tube on gas water heater - will choke off vent of combustion byproducts causing flame and/or combustion failure. This will occur where thinning of the flue tube walls has occurred due to contamination of combustion air or because of excessive condensation. The only effective control is to install water hammer arrestors. These devices have diaphragms which separate an air chamber from the water in the piping system. As the shock wave reaches this device, the air chamber absorbs the shock. Arrestors should be located as close as possible to the source of the shock wave. Water hammer exposes all valves, fixtures, water heaters, pumps, equipment etc to pressures in excess of design limits." |
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