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Do you need permit to install Gas water heater?

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K Washington emails with question:
Is a permit required to install gas water heater, or make changes to the gas line or vent?
L.B. says a permit is always required when changing a water heater, am I reading this wrong? Are you right? If you are it is going to help me with a decision on the installer. Thanks, Kerry.
Answer
The bad news is, I cannot offer a one-size-fits-all answer.
Why? Because permits depend on local code and local practices.
You would need to call your local government to get the actual facts, but I doubt anyone in local authority would tell you to go ahead without a permit.
This means that officially a permit is required. So yes, you need a permit to install new heater and make changes to existing heater.

More information:
Replacing an existing heater is more likely to be approved without a permit, if a heater is being swapped out for new one and no changes are made to gas line or vent pipe.
reliance heaters
Bear in mind a couple things:
a) Gas appliances are dangerous even if pressures are low compared with water pressure (12 psi for natural gas vs 60+ psi for water).
b) Property insurance might not cover future damages if work is done DIY or without a permit.
c) If a permit is required, but the installer does not get one, you might have cause for not paying the installer ... but I don't want folks to purposely stir up trouble after the fact and get into something that will harm either party ... but if you are installing water heaters as a sideline, you will encounter risks, both from the customer and from the government that can red tag your job and file a complaint .... especially if licensed plumber gets wind of your side work.

All gas appliances, natural gas or propane, it is probably best to have a professional involved, and if you are the customer, and hire licensed plumber, he will install a heater by code, even if a permit is not issued.
The plumber might not move the gas line or vent pipe without getting a permit, but it depends on the plumber, and the area/region you live in, and local codes etc.

In the semi rural area where I live, a permit might be required, but DIY folks are not strictly prohibited from installing their own heater.
For example, the local home center and hardware stores sell gas water heaters to individuals. They sell black pipe, yellow flexible gas line, gas valves, yellow teflon tape, vent pipes etc. .... and one suspects that not every item going out the door is sold to or installed by licensed plumber that drew a permit for the work.

If the installation requires a propane heater (that carries higher pressures than natural gas), then the propane company might enforce the need for professional installation or permits, or at least an inspection of the heater. Some of it might depend if the heater was a replacement or the installation was new. Call local propane supplier.

Various areas and regions of the country can require strict adherence to the permitting process.
These regions might have strong plumbers union influences from the past or present. They may have higher population densities, more money and less DIY, more concern with property values, or have very high levels of fire risk etc. These concerns lead to more requirements and thus more permits.
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