Search using 
Waterheatertimer on Twitter
Reducing NOx .pdf
Tech support options
|
Search using
Waterheatertimer on Twitter |
NOx
formation in residential water heaters Reducing NOx .pdf Tech support options |
| Burning hydrocarbon fuels releases CO, SO, CO2, NOx, acidic water vapor etc into atmosphere.... These are poisons to your breathing and to many current types of life, and are puffing continuously out of every vent stack and tailpipe across the globe. |
 Fig1 graph show output of NOx **Footnote: NOx is shown in Fig1 as PPM (parts per million), but can also be given as ng/J (nanogram per joule of heat output). Fig1 gives consumers relative difference between NOx rating of water heaters, so folks can compare with the NOx rating of a new heater they might purchase. If a heater does not have a NOx rating, then it probably does not have a Low NOx or Ultra Low NOx burner. In
somes states, Low NOx water heaters are mandated, while other staes
have no mandate, possibly because Low NOx heaters cost more. NOx or Nitrogen Oxide is a greenhouse gas that affects global atmosphere, similar to CO2. Both gasses are released into atmosphere when buring hydrocarbon fuels. NOx is caused when flame temperature spikes high enough for NOx formation. Read more A Low Nox burner 'decreaes the peak flame temperature' to reduce NOx formation. An Ultra Low NOx burner reduces it further, but cannot eliminate it. The upside
of a NOx burner has only minor effect on performance of heater, while
resulting in less NOx released into atmosphere ... the downside is more
resources and energy are required to manufacture heater ,,, so Low NOx
and Ultra Low NOx burners cost more, and price of heater is higher,
plus repairs might take more expensive parts and more energy. All costs
are energy, and all energy consumption causes greenhouse gas. The best possible we have is to reduce it. .-CO2 emissions remain unregulated, since CO2 cannot be mitigated in 2022 except by reducing consumption. -Low NOx emmissions can be reduced, and can be regulated, for example in California, and more recently Utah, where air quality has declined. Most state legislatures do not mandate Low NOx or Ultra Low NOx heaters for typical 30,000-50,000 up to 100,000 BTU residential water heaters. Regulations change depending on party in power, but general trend is ever-more complicated regulation of efficiency and emissions that obscures actual result, if any. Read Read In states without regulation, the decision is up to product sellers to provide a water heater at 'lower cost,' without regard to Nitrogen Oxide releases. In these states, a Low NOx heater is generally not available off-the-shelf at big box store, but can be purchased via manufacturer from plumbing supply house etc. Refer to manufactuer's website, and search Low NOx. Recommend AO Smith since in 2021, they post manuals that contain DIY maintenance and general troubleshoot that is useful for owner, plus they post service manuals. Resource: Water heater service manuals There are Federal mandates that apply to all states. These regulations require Low NOx burners on larger water heaters, such as Condensing heaters, Boilers and all heaters above certain BTU level, starting at 100,000 BTU 2021. Resource: Review Polaris Condensing heater If millions of residential heaters can reduce NOx by 33-73% ... then the accumulated effect over time is probably massive. A full cost analysis probably cannot be made except by the accumulated population of people who are breathing what they release into the air and deciding whether to live inside a port-a-san or choosing to live better. Selecting smaller heater,
choosing low NOx, and reducing
consumption are good, but converting to solar-heated
water, like most the world, is probably the best answer.
Resources: Solar glycol systems DIY Direct connect DC solar/ high voltage DIY Direct connect DC solar/ low voltage DIY Passive solar collector |
| How water heaters cause NOx "Natural air is contains 21% O2 and 79% N2. Combustion occurs when oxygen reacts and combines with fuel (typically hydrocarbons such as fuel oil, propane, natural gas etc). Since the temperature of combustion is not normally high enough to break all of the nitrogen bonds, a majority of nitrogen in the air stream passes through the burner and remains diatomic nitrogen (N2) in the inert combustion products. Very little N2 is able to reach high enough temperatures in the high intensity regions of the flame to break apart and form “free” nitrogen. Once the covalent nitrogen bond is broken, the “free” nitrogen is available to bond with other atoms. Basic chemistry dictates that free nitrogen, or nitrogen radicals will react to other atoms or molecules that can accept them to create a more stable atom. Of the possible reactions with the products of combustion, free nitrogen will most likely bond with other free nitrogen to form N2. If, however, a free nitrogen atom is not available, the free nitrogen will react with the oxygen atoms to form thermal NOx. As the flame temperature increases, the stability of the N2 covalent bond decreases, allowing the formation of free nitrogen and subsequently increasing thermal NOx. Burner designers can reduce overall NOx emissions by decreasing the peak flame temperature, which can reduce the formation of free nitrogen available to form thermal NOx. Thermal NOx reduction is generally achieved by delaying the rate of combustion. Since the combustion process is a reaction between oxygen and fuel, the objective of delayed combustion is to reduce the rate at which the fuel and oxygen mix and burn. The faster the oxygen and the fuel gas mix, the faster the rate of combustion and the higher the peak flame temperature. NOx emissions increase as the adiabatic flame temperature increases. Slowing the combustion reaction reduces the flame temperature, which results in lower thermal NOx emissions." |
| ** Source for Fig1 shown above Lacking any source on internet that shows difference between regular heaters and Low NOx heaters, I researched the numbers and made Fig1 graph.  .... Researching water heater manufacturer's websites, the numbers are not available except for Ultra Low NOx. ... the other numbers in Fig1 that show 40 PPM and 54 PPM are best estimate based on 1 source from AO Smith that was several years old. That source said a 40 PPM Low NOx burner reduces NOx by up to 33% vs ordinary heater ... from this I calculated the 54 PPM for ordinary residential water heater. The number might be wrong. This means Ultra Low NOx at 20 PPM is correct and published by manufacturers. Low NOx at 40 PPM is correct according to only 1 resource. Regular heater at 54 PPM is estimate based on the 1 resource. Today, the California standard for NOx is 20 PPM, and that number is available on the internet But .... the 'Low NOx water heater' shown in Fig1 might be a thing of the past and only 'Ultra Low NOx' is made today ... I don't know. ...Fig1 is a best estimate and not the precise research I want to post. ... still, the urgency is there for people to look past their legislators to make a choice ... are we to live or die by other's decisions when the debacle is on us now?  Solar Resources: Solar glycol systems DIY Direct connect DC solar/ high voltage DIY Direct connect DC solar/ low voltage DIY Passive solar collector |
 |
Buy Electronic parts Industrial supplies Tools and home improvement Home and garden Hayward pool Pentair pool Southwire electric |
 |
Buy
Tools DEWALT Black and Decker Stanley SKIL Makita Porter-Cable Bosch Irwin Hand tools Klein hand tools Fluke electrical testing Dremel hobby tools Campbell Hausfeld air powered Tekton automotive Powerbuilt automotive Saws and saw blades |
 |
Resource: Compare box timers DPDT timers Intermatic Control water heater w/ Z-wave |
 |
Resource: Intermatic control centers: and parts Digital control centers and parts Tork control centers and parts Subpanels All control centers and parts Enclosures |
 |
Resource: Programmable timers Countdown timers Off delay timers On delay timers Timer modules Din rail Twin & one-shot Woods Intermatic Tork |
 |
Recirculation systems |
 | Buy
from my affiliate links every time/ thanks: Amazon As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases Enter Amazon from any link on my site, fill cart with any item ... purchases pay small commission E-mail: geno03245w@gmail.com My response might end up in spam folder, check email folders Waterheatertimer on Twitter Message thru facebook 713-306-0382 US-Canada only/ English language only |
