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Sewer construction: Running sewer line into new neighborhood |
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Excavator digs down to
locate end of sewer line To connect new sewer line, end of current sewer line must be located. Maps show location of sewer lines. Here the excavator digs down to locate end of sewer line Excavator clears about 4 feet of soil away so machine can reach low enough to reach down to sewer line. As the trench deepens, steel trench boxes or shields are added to keep soil from caving in. 2 trench boxes are stacked as trench goes deep Box must be 18" higher than anything that might roll or cave into trench Soil must be added to each side of trench box to prevent cave-in from pushing box sideways over somebody inside trench. Trench boxes protect men who climb down into trench Notice that excavator has moved spoils far away from trench area for maximum safety. Buy: Bruder toy excavator Remote control excavator Bruder toys |
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End of sewer line is
located about 24' feet below surface. Men will go down into trench to make connection 1 cu foot of soil is 3'x3'x3' and can weigh a ton or more Any depth over 5' requires protective system to prevent cave-in on workers Total depth is about 24' below grade. |
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Excavator lowers trench box Trench box is set into place This hole will require 2 trench boxes stacked on top of each other Excavator lowers the trench boxes using a chain Trench boxes are necessary to protect men working down in the hole. The boxes prevent dirt from collapsing in on the men. Dirt will cave in very quickly, and the weight of dirt can trap men very easily, causing fractures and death. Trench boxes are required by code to protect workers. Buy: Bruder toy excavator Remote control excavator Bruder toys |
 This illustration shows the sequence of laying a section of pipe, then digging new trench, moving trenchboxes. A second excavator and bulldozer refill trench while a roller with knobby front roller compacts soil. |
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Laser transit level for sewer construction Sewer construction must follow straight line and maintain correct elevation. Laser transit level is used during sewer construction New manhole sits in front of transit. Manholes are made from precast concrete and are located at sewer pipe junctions. Manholes allow cleaning and inspection of sewer lines. Buy: Survey transit |
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End of old pipe Old sewer pipe is cut back so new connection is fresh, and not put over end of pipe that could be damaged. |
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New 6" sewer pipe is used When pipes are assembled, a man positions new pipe for connection to previous section. Excavator is then used to push sections together. |
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Sewer construction Two excavators are at work One excavator is digging new trench Other excavator is filling trench as soon as pipe is laid Dirt used to fill trench is same spoils that were removed earlier to make trench. On left side of image is roller. When dirt is dropped by excavator, the roller compacts dirt so soil is ready for home and road construction The roller moves downward at angle approaching trench box. This allows compaction starting deep inside hole Ladder is down into trench Men go down into trench to connect pipes As soon as connections are made, the trench is filled in and trench boxes moved down as trench continues. |
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Men doing sewer construction Foreman is preparing to step across to trench box and examine work being done below. Foreman makes sure everybody is working together and that work is correct. Angle of ladder shows that climb down is risky On left side of image is soil compactor Excavator lowers equipment and pipe down into trench as needed When pipe is positioned correctly, then excavator is used to push sections together. Men must be skilled and trust each other Pipes sticking out of ground will be used to connect each new home to sewer line. |
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Roller compacts soil As excavator moves dirt to fill trench, roller compacts soil. Compaction is important to prevent problems for homes and roads. |
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Along the main line, they stub up pipes located between
manholes. From these pipes they run more pipes going up each street. Along the pipes that go up each street, more pipes are stubbed up. These pipes are where 2-4 houses are connected to each line. |
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Manhole cover Acetylene torch in foreground |
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Open manhole The opening is tapered Precast manhole risers are 4' diameter, while manhole cover is 3' diameter. Ladder has 21 climbing rungs. Ladder in nearly vertical, with top 2' away from center of manhole, and feet 1' away from other side of manhole. Safety factor is that ladder cannot fall over, and man can touch wall to his back when climbing Standard ladder has 12 inch space between rungs Ladder estimated 21 feet tall Depth of hole about 24' from top of manhole Depth of sewer at this point estimated 22', after backfill, depth will be about 23 feet. |
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Inside manhole Manhole base has openings for two 6" pipes Effluent traveling from one pipe flows into other pipe Weight of water being flushed down drains from each home will push effluent toward pumping station Pumping station will push effluent toward sewage treatment plant while emptying sewer line, which draws more effluent down pipe. |
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Finished sewer line See more: Sewer construction: main sewer line |
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