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What is dry fire
Dry fire
Energy Smart has dry fire protection
Dry Fire prevention is not 100% sure.
What is dry fire
Water heater must be full of water before electricity is turned ON.
If water is not covering elements, then upper element will dry-fire ... or instantly burn out.
Dry fire only happens when tank is empty of water.

Some water heater elements claim to have dry fire protection.
This will help prevent dry-fire incident, but not foolproof.

To prevent dry fire:
Fill tank completely with water, until water is coming out of bathtub spout, then open TP valve to release last of air from inside tank, and lastly, turn power ON.

Test elements if you suspect dry fire is causing water heater not to work:

Resources
How to test elements
Full troubleshoot for electric water heater
How electric water heaters work

Low watt density
Camco/ no extended warranty
Low Watt Density/ foldback

Check minimum tank diameter
Fits any tank above minimum dia
Buy: 240 volt:
2500 watt
3500 watt
4500 watt
4500 watt 12 pack
5500 watt

6000 watt / 17" minimum tank/ use 8 gauge wire
Question from Ron: Why is upper element affected by dry fire?

Answer:
Upper element dry fires.. but lower element rarely does
Because typical 240 volt residential water heater is non-simultaneous: This means the upper element receives power first, and only after upper part of tank is heated does it send power to lower part of tank.
If upper element dry fires, then upper part of tank never gets heater, so power never arrives at lower element ... the result is the lower element does not dry fire and is still functional.

Resources:
How electric water heaters work
How to wire thermostats
How thermostats work
Low watt density
Resistored elements
Have dry fire resistance
Rheem/ no extended warranty
Low Watt Density/ foldback
Buy: 240 volt/ resistored:
4500 watt resistorized 
6000 watt resistorized

Resistored elements

Buy: 208 volt:
2000 watt 208 volt
208 volt elements
Question from Howard. I hear there are elements with a fuse that will not dry fire.
Should I buy that kind?

Answer:
The fuse is a resistor as I understand it, and it helps prevent dry fire, but is not 100%.
Of course folks buy the 'fused' or resistored elements from Rheem.
Resistored element have dry fire resistance, but the problem of dry fire is not common, and happens only when tank is empty of water.
$25 - $47
Ultra low watt density
5 year warranty
Ultra Low Watt Density/ ripple
Hard water element
Resists high mineral count
Minimum 15" diameter tank
Buy 240 volt:
4500 watt at Amazon
4500 watt at Amazon 13" diameter
5500 watt at Amazon
Camco elements at Amazon

Lifetime warranty
4500 watt +limited lifetime element

Reliance / no extended warranty
Low density/ ripple
Min 13" tank
Buy 240 Volt
Reliance 4500 watt at Amazon
Reliance 5500 watt ripple at Amazon
Reliance elements at Amazon
$13 - $26
Ultra low watt density
5 year warranty
Ultra Low Watt Density/ foldback
Hard water element
Resists high mineral count
Check minimum tank diameter
Fits any tank above minimum dia
Buy 120 volt
1500 watt 120 volt 8" minimum
Buy 240 volt:
2500 watt at Amazon 
3500 watt at Amazon
4500 watt at Amazon
5500 watt at Amazon

Warranties do not cover dry fire (electricity ON before tank is full of water).
Resource:
Read about dry fire/ pdf page 2
$10 - $16

Low watt density
Camco/ no extended warranty
Low Watt Density/ foldback

Check minimum tank diameter
Fits any tank above minimum dia
Buy 240 volt:
2500 watt at Amazon
3500 watt at Amazon
4500 watt at Amazon
4500 watt 12 pack
5500 watt at Amazom

6000 watt at Amazon/ 17" minimum tank  (6000 watts requires 8 guage wire)

Elements on this webpage are rated for AC voltages.
AC elements with work with DC
But Thermostats will melt with DC
$10 - $12
Low watt density
Camco/ no extended warranty/
High Watt Density
Standard on all new water heater
Can use foldback as replacement
Match volts and watts
Check minimum tank diameter
120 Volt point-of-use water heater
Buy 120 volt:
1000 watt 120 volt 8" tank diameter
1500 watt 120 volt 8' tank diameter
1650 watt 120 volt 7.5" minimum
1750 watt 120 volt 9" minimum
2000 watt 120 volt 9" minimum
120 Volt elements at Amazon
Buy 240 volt
1500 watt at Amazon
2000 watt 12 pack
2500 watt at Amazon
3000 watt at Amazon
3500 watt at Amazon
3800 watt at Amazon
4000 watt at Amazon
4500 watt at Amazon
4500 watt 12 pack
All brands of thermostats are interchangeable

$48
for 2 low density 240 Volt 4500 watt elements/  + Upper and lower thermostat


Buy LOW density kit:
Apcom plumbers pack Amazon
110°-160°
Resource
How to replace elements

$35 for 2 high density 240 volt 4500 watt elements + Upper and lower thermostat

Apcom thermostats
Buy HIGH density kit:
Apcom plumbers pack Amazon
110°-160°
Resource
How to replace elements

New water heaters have high density elements. Low density elements might last longer
$45 for 2 low density 240 Volt 4500 watt elements/+ Upper and lower thermostat

Therm-o-disc thermostats
Buy LOW density kit:
Therm-O-disc low density plumbers pack
90°-150°
Resource
How to replace elements
$45 for 2 high density 240 Volt 4500 watt elements/ + Upper and lower thermostat

Therm-o-disc thermostats
Buy HIGH density kit:
Therm-O-disc high density plumbers pack
Therm-O-disc high density
Therm-o-disc high density / copper element
90°-150°
Resource
How to replace elements
Support the economy:
Buy water heaters from my associate links:

50 gallon Gas water heaters at Amazon
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50 gallon Electric water heaters at Amazon
40 gallon electric water heaters at Amazon
Hybrid / heat pump/ water heaters at Amazon

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How to install gas water heater
How to install electric water heater
Troubleshoot gas water heater
Troubleshoot electric water heater
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Resources:
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Icon gas valve

How to replace water heater element Waste King disposal
How to wire tankless electric


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