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How much does it cost to run gas water heater? |
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The
information below is about cost for heating water using gas for 1
typical 60" x 30-32" standard bathtub (15 gallons hot water, 20 gallons
total water) using efficiency rating of heater for calculations. Efficiency declines over time, and variables include type of gas, cost of local gas supply, elevation above sea level, incoming air supply, venting, condition of heater, and other factors. Efficiency ratings are approximate at best and unreliable at worst. Efficiency ratings for water heaters were set by Department of Energy in April 2015, but the standard only applies to heaters manufactured after that date. By the miracle of 'self-regulated' industry, every manufacturer reports their product exactly matches the energy standard. None-the-less, efficiency ratings are used to extrapolate approximate cost of fuel for different models and types of heaters. This page is about the cost of gas for heating water for 1 bath This page does not figure cost for shower (9 gallons hot water), washing machine, dishwasher, oversized bathtub, large multi-head shower, hot tub etc. Nor does it attempt to estimate cost for average family of 4 for the entire year, as seen on water heater label. Nor does this page consider cost of purchase, maintenance, repair, and warranty differences. Resources: Efficiency ratings after April 2015 Is gas clean burning Which is the best gas water heater |
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Basis for calculations: 1 therm = 100,000 BTU Cost per therm $.42-$1.10 estimated for use on this page. 1 BTU will raise 1 lb of water 1°F at sea level, but requires more BTUs for higher elevation. Cost of hot water for 1 bath using Tank gas water heater: Assume 15 gallons of water for typical bath x 8.34 lbs per gallon = 125 lbs Raise 125 lbs water 1° = 125 BTU Assume incoming water supply is 60° F and tank thermostat is set to 120°F, or 60° rise in temperature. Incoming water temperature varies by season, latitude, elevation and other factors. Raise 125 lbs water 60°F = 125 BTU x 60 = 7500 BTU 1 BTU = .00001 therm Example: typical pre-2015 gas water heater efficiency .61, and this is very generous efficiency for older water heater with dirty combustion parts and build up of sediment on heat transfer surface. Calculation: 7500 BTU ÷ .61 efficiency = 12295 BTU for 1 bath 12295 BTU x.00001 therm = .12295 therms per bath. Cost 05¢ to 14¢ per bath, at sea level, depending on cost of therms. Example: typical water heater manufactured after appliance energy standard took effect April 2015, for 30-55 gallon heaters only, with the flue damper, claim 67% efficiency. Calculation: 7500 BTU ÷ .67 efficiency = 11111 BTU for 1 bath. 11111 BTU x .00001 therm = .11111 therms. Cost 05¢ to 10¢ per bath, at sea level, depending on cost of therms. Resources: Troubleshoot Gas water heater |
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Figuring
cost ACCURATELY is a considerable task: Age, type of gas, cost of local
gas supply, elevation above sea level, incoming air supply,
efficiency, efficiency decline over time, etc play a role in
calculation. General formula: 1 BTU will raise 1 gallon of water by 1°F at sea level Higher altitude requires more BTU because there is less oxygen per cu foot of air. Each water heater has a BTU rating, based on new heater under ideal conditions rarely attainable in real world, even right out of the box, just like the gas millage advertised for your new car never quite adds up, the water heater does not reach the efficiency number shown on the manufacturer's sec sheet. Why? Probably because the industry self-tests it's own products, and product sellers want to show their product in best light. So misleading facts from manufactures can affect actual cost of fuel consumption. New energy standards in 2015. The government mandated new energy standards beginning April 2015 that affect all appliances. The 'conservatives' did NOT yell about it despite support of gobbling up the world as fast as possible, yet somehow the 'liberal' concept of conserving resources and regulation is now in effect. Probably because economic growth cannot be sustained without conserving resources. Does that mean conservation won? ... oh no, because the new heaters are more expensive to buy and install, and over-55 gallon heaters require expensive high technology and service technicians for repair and maintenance. The tankless was not affected by the new standard. And besides, the industry decides what to say about their own product's energy compliance, and external factors such as price, installation, longevity and maintenance were never considered as an energy expense., except all costs are energy. New-energy-standards-for-water-heaters-DOE 2015-article.pdf Question: do most folks have new higher efficiency water heater in 2017? Answer: No. How many old heaters are still out there? I don't know. Average lifespan of heater 10-25 years maybe, so the pile of old heaters will eventually be whittled down. The industry sells 250 K new water heaters per month. and age of heater, and heater maintenance are factors. Older heaters get dirty and combustion efficiency drops. Efficiency affects the consumption of fuel, and of course affects energy calculation. Your app would need to show relative efficiency range from low 62% to 67% for tank type heaters. Tankless gas claims a high efficiency rating of 82% under ideal conditions, but efficiency drops over time as scale builds up inside combustion chamber. Condensing gas water heaters show 86% efficiency. Type of gas varies in price: propane burns hotter and produces more BTU than natural gas, but is more expensive than natural gas. Gas prices vary on the commodity market and can fluctuate by seasonal as furnaces raise demand in winter. Gas water heaters with power vent or flue damper consume 120 volt to operate flue damper or power vent, so the cost of electric is a consideration. Simply showing approximate cost of fuel does not take into consideration the cost of the heater. So condensing gas shows 86% efficiency but the cost for this is misleading because of the increased cost of maintenance and repair for high tech heaters. Heating oil is considered the least efficient way to heat, and I don't know anything about it beyond that. Resources: Troubleshoot Gas valves with manuals |
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