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How to wire voltage monitor |
| Why use phase monitor? The problems of low voltage and phase fluctuation (lower voltage on one wire) do not affect resistance loads like light bubs or electric water heater, except to make them burn at dimmer capacity. However low voltage and phase fluctuations do affect inductive loads like contactors, relays, motors, pumps, HVAC .... causing problems such as chatter on contactors and relays, and lower rotation speed on motor, causing higher temperatures, and burning out the motor or shortening motor lifespan .... ..."a 10% voltage decrease will cause a 10% amperage increase" ... leading to wasted energy, overheated motor, motor failure, insufficient torque, tripping breakers. "With nearly two thirds of all electrical loads being A.C. motor loads, maintaining proper voltage is important. If the supply voltage is not maintained, motor winding current increases causing reduced torque and escalating temperature, all of which results in the rapid loss of insulation life expectancy. In addition, the detrimental effects of low voltage on both resistive heating loads and incandescent lighting output. Anytime you have lower than standard voltage, equipment damage and failure can result. Anytime a line voltage change in the 5-20% range is required, a buck-boost transformer should be considered as your first line of defense." |
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"How to identify low or high voltage situations • Overheating motors • Premature motor failures • Equipment not working properly due to low torque of motors • Nuisance tripping breakers • Long distance service runs • Improper, erratic, or no operation of equipment • Increase in energy cost" |
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Causes of voltage mismatch • Service voltage changed after equipment installed • Voltage drop in power line • Error in ordering equipment • Utility cutback in source voltage" |
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Single-phase Voltage monitor Voltage monitor Protect motors and equipment from low voltage. Adjustable voltage range Caution: select monitor voltage to match incoming Line voltage Select amp rating of contactor to match amp rarting of Load Select matching contactor voltage and coil voltage range Undervoltage on contactor coil will cause chattering, Overvoltage on coil will melt coil. Buy: Single phase 95-270 volt range 3-phase 80-300 volt range ICM phase monitor Siemens monitoring relay Resources: Fuseholders Difference between single phase and 3-phase IMC492 manual Siemens .pdf |
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Siemens Single-phase
Voltage monitor Rated 24-240 volt AC Buy: Single phase monitor |
| "Switching a relay or solid state
switch at the zero-crossing point
reduces spark across the contacts, extending relay life, and also
reduces EMI (electromagnetic interference)." Resource: Extend life of relay by switching at zero cross .pdf |
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IMC402 3-phase phase monitor Protects against phase loss, phase reversal and phase unbalance. Phase Loss Condition: Equals 25% of nominal for any given phase; system will shut down should this occur Line voltage on 3-phase 190-600V Control voltage 115-230V Output to contactor max 30 amps Contactor coil rated 27 amp inrush, 7 volt operation Buy: Single phase 95-270 volt range IMC402 3-phase 80-300 volt range ICM phase monitor Resources: Fuseholders IMC 402 pdf IMC400 manual |
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IMC400
3-phase phase monitor Protects against phase loss, phase reversal and phase unbalance. Buy: IMC400 phane line voltage monitor IMC450 3-phase voltage monitor Resources: Fuseholders IMC 402 pdf IMC400 manual IMC450 manual |
| Use only 600 volt wire. Lamp cord, extension cords are not rated 600 volt. Use copper wire only. Aluminum wire is fire risk and should be avoided or installed by professional. 30 amp breaker use 10 gauge / 120-240 volt 30 amp outlet can be installed on 30 amp breaker only/ use 10 gauge wire ... cannot be connected to 15-20-40 amp breaker.  Orange/ #10 gauge wire, with ground ... 30 amp capacity. Safe maximum: 30 x 80% = 24 amps. Buy: 10-2 gauge/ 30 amp 10-3/ 30 amp Southwire electric tools |
Yellow
12 gauge 20 amp 120 volt 20 amp outlet can be installed on 20 amp breaker, but not 15 amp breaker/ use 12 ga wire. ... cannot be connected to 30-40 amp breaker.  Yellow/ #12 gauge wire, with ground ... 20 amp capacity. Safe maximum 16 amps. Buy: 12-2 gauge/ 20 amp 12-3/ 20 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground Rolls of stranded wire |
White
14 gauge 15 amp 120 volt 15 amp outlet, AFCI, GFCI, timer, switch etc can be installed on 15 or 20 amp breaker. Never connect 15 gauge wire to 20-30-40 amp breaker.  White/ #14 gauge wire, with ground ... 15 amp capacity. Safe maximum 12 amps. Buy: 14-2 gauge/ 15 amp 14-3/ 15 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
| 50-60
amp breaker use 6 gauge / 240 volt 50 outlet can be installed on 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 6-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
40-50
amp breaker use 8 gauge / 240 volt 40 amp outlet can be installed on 40 or 50 amp breker only  Buy: 8-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
  Copper ground wire. Every device, load, metal enclosure etc must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous throughout installation, never switched on-off, never used as a Neutral wire. Generally ... use same size as other wire in circuit Buy: 12 gauge copper ground wire Ground wire Green ground wire Ground pigtails Ground rods/ ground clamps at Amazon |
 Armored cable can be used as a grounded connection, and will protect wires from damage. Metal can be energized from an insulation failure. Non metallic flexible cables must carry ground wire, but does not have hazard of short circuit causing injury from shock. All conduit ...metal, plastic ... flexible and rigid ... must be attached to structure, and attached to enclosures, boxes. Movement, damage and deterioration are major cause of electrical failure. Buy: Armored cable Southwire armored cable cutter Non-metallic flexible conduit Power whip Pull boxes |
 Electrical tools must be insulated. Always best to disconnect power, but issues of insulation failure, lack of proper grounding, lack of GFCI, out-of-code wiring, generator operating without transfer switch, and other problems pose a risk to anyone working on electric power. Buy: Electrician tools kits Klein tools Tools kits |
 12 ga Stranded wire is good for conduit with multiple wires ... but stranded cannot be installed under screw terminals on outlets, switches, timers etc without risk ... of heat causing splayed strands ....that come loose ... and begin to arc. Connect stranded to short piect of solid copper wire, and attach solid to screw terminal. Do not solder residential or commercial wiring. Buy: Rolls of stranded wire |
 Protect wiring from damage Use nipper instead of pliers or screwdriver for removing staples (and nails). Do not damage cable or wires inside cable. -Code says: Cable SHALL BE secured without damage to the outer covering. NEC sec. 336-15 Buy End cutting nippers at Amazon |
  Electrically insulated tools When removing insulation from wire, do NOT score or put cuts on surface of copper wire. Doing so increases resistances and heat on wire and creates possible weak point. Buy tools: Wire strippers at Amazon Linesman pliers Utility knife at Amazon |
 Multimeters Voltage is tested across two separate wires. Ohms or resistance is tested across both ends of same wire. Amperage is tested along one or two points on same wire. Buy: Analog multimeter Multimeters at Amazon Klein multimeter Electric testers at Amazon Clampmeter for testing amp flow on line |
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Tools DEWALT Black and Decker Stanley SKIL Makita Porter-Cable Bosch Irwin Hand tools Klein hand tools Fluke electrical testing Dremel hobby tools Campbell Hausfeld air powered Tekton automotive Powerbuilt automotive Saws and saw blades |
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Resource: Compare box timers DPDT timers Intermatic Control water heater w/ Z-wave |
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Resource: Intermatic control centers: and parts Digital control centers and parts Tork control centers and parts Subpanels All control centers and parts Enclosures |
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Resource: Programmable timers Countdown timers Off delay timers On delay timers Timer modules Din rail Twin & one-shot Woods Intermatic Tork |
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Recirculation systems |
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