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Resource: safe electric wiring
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Fuse
holders Resource: safe electric wiring |
| Use only 600 volt wire. Lamp cord, extension cords are not rated 600 volt. Use copper wire only. Aluminum wire is fire risk and should be avoided or installed by professional. 30 amp breaker use 10 gauge / 120-240 volt 30 amp outlet can be installed on 30 amp breaker only/ use 10 gauge wire ... cannot be connected to 15-20-40 amp breaker.  Orange/ #10 gauge wire, with ground ... 30 amp capacity. Safe maximum: 30 x 80% = 24 amps. Buy: 10-2 gauge/ 30 amp 10-3/ 30 amp Southwire electric tools |
Yellow
12 gauge 20 amp 120 volt 20 amp outlet can be installed on 20 amp breaker, but not 15 amp breaker/ use 12 ga wire. ... cannot be connected to 30-40 amp breaker. 1  Yellow/ #12 gauge wire, with ground ... 20 amp capacity. Safe maximum 16 amps. Buy: 12-2 gauge/ 20 amp 12-3/ 20 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground Rolls of stranded wire HOOK UP Wires |
| 50-60
amp breaker use 6 gauge / 240 volt 50 outlet can be installed on 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 6-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
40-50
amp breaker use 8 gauge / 240 volt 40 amp outlet can be installed on 40 or 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 8-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
 Non metallic flexible cables must carry ground wire, but do not have hazard of short circuit causing injury from shock. Armored steel cable can be used as a grounded connection, and will protect wires from damage. Metal can be energized from an insulation failure. All conduit ...metal, plastic ... flexible and rigid ... must be attached to structure, and attached to enclosures, boxes. Movement, damage and deterioration are major cause of electrical failure. Buy: Non-metallic flexible conduit Power whip Armored cable Southwire armored cable cutter Pull boxes |
 Electrical tools must be insulated. Always best to disconnect power, but insulation failure, lack of proper grounding, grounded neutral, lack of GFCI, out-of-code wiring, generator operating without transfer switch, and other problems still pose a risk to anyone working on electric power ... even when breaker is off. Buy: Electrician tools kits KLEIN TOOLS Tools kits IRWIN tools KNIPEX Telephone cable knife Low Voltage Mounting Bracket for Telephone |
 Multimeters Voltage is tested across two separate wires. Ohms or resistance is tested across both ends of same wire. Amperage is tested along one or two points on same wire. Buy: Analog multimeter Multimeters at Amazon Klein multimeter Electric testers at Amazon Clampmeter for testing amp flow on line |
Push-on wire connectors in place of twist-on connectorsBuy:Push on wire connectors Amazon Red 3P connector for 10-14 gauge wire Lever connectors for stranded wire at Amazon HOOK UP Wires |
 Protect wiring from damage Use nipper instead of pliers or screwdriver for removing staples (and nails). Do not damage cable or wires inside cable. -Code says: Cable SHALL BE secured without damage to the outer covering. NEC sec. 336-15 Buy End cutting nippers at Amazon |
 Electrically insulated tools When removing insulation from wire, do NOT score or put cuts on surface of copper wire. Doing so increases resistance and heat on wire and creates possible weak point. Buy tools: KLEIN TOOLS Wire strippers at Amazon Electric Wire Stripping Machine Linesman pliers Utility knife at Amazon |
 GFCI circuit breaker A GFCI circuit breaker will protect all boxes on circuit. Circuit must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous and connected to each piece of equipment. White wire on circuit breaker must be connected to Neutral busbar inside the breaker panel. Buy GFCI circuit breakers |
Push down
 1" wide Push down breaker 2" wide Push down breaker Plug-in breaker Buy single-pole: Choose from 15 to 60 amp Eaton CL series Siemens 15-60 amp Tandem breakers Buy double-pole: Choose from 15 to 125 amp Choose from 15 amp to 200 amp Eaton CL series circuit breaker Siemens circuit breaker Double pole GFCI |
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Busman
fuse holder/ panel mount/ drill 1/2" hole Some fuseholders accept terminal connections, some have solder-only connections. Fuse blocks have screw terminals. Buy: Panel mount fuse holders at Amazon Fuse blocks at Amazon Ceramic fuses at Amazon Fast acting ceramic fuses Electrical terminals Solder guns Resources: Terminals/ Yellow for 12 gauge/ Blue for 14 gauge Stranded wire can be crimped to terminal. How to solder wire to fuseholder or to terminals. Put wire in place. Place hot tip on wire. Wait for wire to heat. Touch solder to hot wire. Solder melts. Withdraw solder. Withdraw hot tip. |
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Yellow
female terminal for 10-12 gauge wire Blue female terminal for 14-16 gauge Buy: Terminal kit at Amazon with crimp tool Electrical terminals at Amazon Blue 14-16 gauge female terminals 20 pcs at Amazon Yellow 12-10 gauge female terminal 16 pcs 360 pc assortment at Amazon |
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Fuse
holder installed in 6x6x4 box Drill 1/2" hole for installation in 6x6x4 box. Drill any size hole in metal or plastic electric boxes Buy tapered drill/ step drill bit for any size hole Step drill bits at Amazon Neiko tapered drill bit 1/4"-1-3/8" hole |
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Busman
15 Amp
ceramic fuse fits inside fuseholder Available hardware, etc Common for microwaves. Generally, household circuit breakers are slow acting... and this allows amp surge of heat for starting motors such as refrigerator, pump etc. So heat is allowed to build up inside slow-acting fuses and circuit breakers before tripping. Fast-acting fuses and circuit breakers are not same as GFCI protection. GFCI is instantaneous trip when short to ground is detected by ammeter inside GFCI device. Fast and slow acting fuses wait until heat reaches fuse and then build-up of heat trips fuse. Buy fast and slow acting fuses: Ceramic fuses at Amazon Fast acting ceramic fuses |
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Surface
mount ANL fuseholder Buy: ANL fuseholder e2 fuseholder with platinum plating ANL fuses |
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Din rail fuseholder Install fuse in-line so circuit can be turned on. Multiple fuses and breakers on same circuit are fine. Buy: Din rail fuseholder 10 x 38 mm fuse Mersen DC fuseholder Mersen DC fuseholders Photovoltaic fuse 20 amp DC fuse 14 x 51mm fuseholder and fuse Din rails DC circuit breaker for solar panels |
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Resource information |
Fuse
blows when heat exceeds amp rating of fuse. Amperage = heat Volts x amp = watts Resource: Resources: Electric Formulas Formulas and terminology See wire sizes and amp ratings |
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Fuseholder
holds fast-acting or slow acting fuse If load rating of circuit cannot exceed strict limits, then choose fast-acting fuse. For motor loads, slow acting fuse is better, since surge of amperage is needed to start motor. Fuse protects all wires in the circuit Hot wire from breaker is also protected by fuse Timer shown is GE 15070 in-wall analog timer Timer require Neutral wire to operate analog timer dial When using ordinary switch, the white neutral wire does not connect to switch as illustrated Buy: Contactor ANL fuseholder Buy fuseholders at Amazon Resources: See all similar and programmable timers How to wire timers How to set analog timers Illustration shows contactor Contactors can control heavy Loads like water heater, motors, etc. Magnetic Coil is activated by timer or switch. Coil pulls down on contact points. When coil is deactivated, a spring pushes contact points apart. Contact points open and close circuit. Resources: See contactors |
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Use
fuseholder to tap smaller gauge wire into larger wire Fuse is not same as GFCI. Both fuse and GFCI react to a short. GFCI will trip instantly when short to ground is detected. The action is instantaneous, and will save a life when power suddenly flows to ground. Fuse is different. Fuse reacts to buildup of heat. Open short will cause massive flow of amperage that will heat the wire and trip the fuse. But the process is not instantaneous. Buy: Contactor ANL fuseholder Buy fuseholders at Amazon Ceramic fuses at Amazon Fast acting ceramic fuses |
 Larger image ANL fuseholder Buy fuseholders at Amazon |
Use
in-line fuse when connecting 2 different gauge wires Illustration shows smaller 12-2 cable connected to larger 10-3 cable. The 10 gauge wire carries 240 volt plus a Neutral wire, and is protected by 30 amp breaker The amp draw on 30 amp breaker is too large for 12 gauge wire. 12 gauge wire should have 20 amp breaker. Connect smaller
12 gauge wire to 10 gauge wire using twist on wire connector. All
connections must be inside electrically rated enclosed box with cover.
Use fuseholder with 20 amp fuse.Fuse will protect entire length of 12 gauge wire. Connect fuse to Hot wire. Never put fuse on Neutral ... the Neutral wire must never be switched off, and must run continuous throughout installation. If the 12 gauge wire is wired for 240V, instead of 120V shown in illustration, then fuses can be added to both hot wires. Always make connections inside a box with cover Buy: Panel mount fuse holders at Amazon ANL fuseholder Buy fuseholders Din rail fuseholder 10 x 38 mm fuse Electrical terminals Solder guns Resources: See wire sizes |
 Get higher amp
120 volt from 240 volt lineStrategy for pool pump, shop tools, irrigation load etc Bring neutral from nearby outlet or light fixture. Note: 120 volt circuit needs Hot and Neutral, while 240 volt typically has 2 Hots and no Neutral. So the circuit needs a Neutral wire from a nearby 120 volt outlet .... So why not just bring a Hot and Neutral over from the Nearby 120 volt outlet? Answer: The motor load is 6 amps, but the 120 volt outlet is on a 15 amp breaker with safe maximum 80% = 12 amps. If the 15 amp circuit already supports several Loads, there is not enough spare amperage for the motor. Note: Code says that Neutral wire is never switched on-off ... only the Hot wire is switched. Buy: Motor switch MS302 30 amp 2-pole switch MS402 40 amp 2-pole switch ANL fuseholder Buy fuseholders Fuse blocks Electrical terminals |
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Multimeter Test for breaks in wire/ Test for voltage Most appliance require 80% rated voltage to function correctly Buy Analog multimeter Multimeters at Amazon Klein multimeter Electric testers at Amazon Clampmeter for testing amp flow on line Resource: How to test and replace element How to test thermocouple Element tests for 120 volts How to test wire |
Safety
when testing wires:
Never touch wet or previously flooded appliance. Never stand on wet surface when working on electric. Never stand on bare soil, put down dry boards. Tape tester leads to wood sticks to keep hands away from power. Use non-contact voltage tester before touching wires. Never touch or lean into any made of metal. Remove metal objects from pockets. Do not use oxygen or fuel accelerants in same room as electrical repairs Resource: Basic house wiring |
 Use outlet tester to check for correct wiring on any 120 volt straight-blade outlet. Buy: Klein testers Outlet tester Circuit breaker finder Electric usage monitor |
 Non-contact voltage tester Test for power without touching connectors NEVER assume power is OFF Buy: Non-contact voltage tester Amazon Electric testers at Amazon Resource: How to test electric power is off |
 120 volt 15 amp devices
including GFCI, timers, switches, plugs, wifi controls etc can be
installed on 15 or 20
amp
breaker.120 volt GFCI, outlet, receptacle that is rated 20 amp can be installed on 20 amp breaker only, but NOT on 15 amp breaker. Buy 15 amp GFCI 20 amp GFCI |
Electrical tools must be insulated. Always best to disconnect power, but insulation failure, lack of proper grounding, grounded neutral, lack of GFCI, out-of-code wiring, generator operating without transfer switch, and other problems still pose a risk to anyone working on electric power ... even when breaker is off. Buy: Electrician tools kits KLEIN TOOLS Tools kits IRWIN tools |
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Resource: Electricity: The grid is defined by three parts: transmission, distribution and end user. The following links show how it works Power plant to end user power pole Power pole to residential breaker box Power pole to commercial breaker box How to wire residential electric How to wire commercial 3-phase Why you need ground wire How to wire 3-phase timer 3-phase water heater |
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