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How to wire voltage monitor
Why use phase monitor?
The problems of low voltage and phase fluctuation (lower voltage on one wire) do not affect resistance loads like light bubs or electric water heater, except to make them burn at dimmer capacity.
However low voltage and phase fluctuations do affect inductive loads like contactors, relays, motors, pumps, HVAC .... causing problems such as chatter on contactors and relays, and lower rotation speed on motor, causing higher temperatures, and burning out the motor or shortening motor lifespan ....
..."a 10% voltage decrease will cause a 10% amperage increase" ... leading to wasted energy, overheated motor, motor failure, insufficient torque, tripping breakers.

"With nearly two thirds of all electrical loads being A.C. motor loads, maintaining proper voltage is important. If the supply voltage is not maintained, motor winding current increases causing reduced torque and escalating temperature, all of which results in the rapid loss of insulation life expectancy.
In addition, the detrimental effects of low voltage on both resistive heating loads and incandescent lighting output. Anytime you have lower than standard voltage, equipment damage and failure can result.
Anytime a line voltage change in the 5-20% range is required, a buck-boost transformer should be considered as your first line of defense."
"How to identify low or high voltage situations
• Overheating motors
• Premature motor failures
• Equipment not working properly due to low torque of motors
• Nuisance tripping breakers
• Long distance service runs
• Improper, erratic, or no operation of equipment
• Increase in energy cost"
" Causes of voltage mismatch
• Service voltage changed after equipment installed
• Voltage drop in power line
• Error in ordering equipment
• Utility cutback in source voltage"
voltage monitor Single-phase Voltage monitor
Voltage monitor Protect motors and equipment from low voltage.
Adjustable voltage range
Caution: select monitor voltage to match incoming Line voltage
Select amp rating of contactor to match amp rating of Load
Select matching contactor voltage and coil voltage range
Undervoltage on contactor coil will cause chattering, Overvoltage on coil will melt coil.

Buy:
Single phase 95-270 volt range
3-phase 80-300 volt range
ICM phase monitor
Siemens monitoring relay

Resources:
Fuseholders
Difference between single phase and 3-phase
IMC492 manual
Siemens .pdf
Siemens volotage monitor
Larger image
Siemens Single-phase Voltage monitor
Rated 24-240 volt AC

Buy:
Single phase monitor
"Switching a relay or solid state switch at the zero-crossing point reduces spark across the contacts, extending relay life, and also reduces EMI (electromagnetic interference)."
Resource:
Extend life of relay by switching at zero cross .pdf
ICM402 phase monitor IMC402 3-phase phase monitor
Protects against phase loss, phase reversal and phase unbalance.
Phase Loss Condition: Equals 25% of nominal for any given phase; system will shut down should this occur
Line voltage on 3-phase 190-600V
Control voltage 115-230V
Output to contactor max 30 amps
Contactor coil rated 27 amp inrush, 7 volt operation

Buy:
Single phase 95-270 volt range
IMC402
3-phase 80-300 volt range
ICM phase monitor

Resources:
Fuseholders
IMC 402 pdf
IMC400 manual
IMC400 wiring IMC400 3-phase phase monitor
Protects against phase loss, phase reversal and phase unbalance.

Buy:
IMC400 phase line voltage monitor
IMC450 3-phase voltage monitor


Resources:
Fuseholders
IMC 402 pdf
IMC400 manual
IMC450 manual
Use only 600 volt wire.
Lamp cord, extension cords are not rated 600 volt.
Use copper wire only. Aluminum wire is fire risk and should be avoided or installed by professional.

30 amp breaker use 10 gauge /
120-240 volt 30 amp outlet can be installed on 30 amp breaker only/ use 10 gauge wire ... cannot be connected to 15-20-40 amp breaker.

Orange/ #10 gauge wire, with ground ... 30 amp capacity. Safe maximum: 30 x 80% = 24 amps.
Buy:
10-2 gauge/ 30 amp
10-3/ 30 amp
Southwire electric tools
Yellow 12 gauge 20 amp
120 volt 20 amp outlet can be installed on 20 amp breaker, but not 15 amp breaker/ use 12 ga wire.
... cannot be connected to 30-40 amp breaker. 1

Yellow/ #12 gauge wire, with ground ... 20 amp capacity. Safe maximum 16 amps.
Buy:
12-2 gauge/ 20 amp
12-3/ 20 amp

NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
Rolls of stranded wire
HOOK UP Wires
White 14 gauge 15 amp
120 volt 15 amp outlet, AFCI, GFCI, timer, switch etc can be installed on 15 or 20 amp breaker. Never connect 15 gauge wire to 20-30-40 amp breaker.

White/ #14 gauge wire,  with ground ... 15 amp capacity. Safe maximum 12 amps.
Buy:
14-2 gauge/ 15 amp
14-3/ 15 amp

NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
50-60 amp breaker use 6 gauge /
240 volt 50 outlet can be installed on 50 amp breaker only
6-2 wire
Buy:
6-2 wire
Southwire electric tools
NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
40-50 amp breaker use 8 gauge /
240 volt 40 amp outlet can be installed on 40 or 50 amp breaker only
6-2 wire
Buy:
8-2 wire
Southwire electric tools
NMB is house wiring
UF is underground
     
Copper ground wire.
Every device, load, metal enclosure etc must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous throughout installation, never switched on-off, never used as a Neutral wire.
Generally ... use same size as other wire in circuit
Buy:
12 gauge copper ground wire
Ground wire
Green ground wire
Ground pigtails
Ground rods/ ground clamps at Amazon
armored cable
Non metallic flexible cables must carry ground wire, but do not have hazard of short circuit causing injury from shock.

Armored steel cable can be used as a grounded connection, and will protect wires from damage. Metal can be energized from an insulation failure.

All conduit ...metal, plastic ... flexible and rigid ... must be attached to structure, and attached to enclosures, boxes.
Movement, damage and deterioration are major cause of electrical failure.
Buy:
Non-metallic flexible conduit
Power whip
Armored cable
Southwire armored cable cutter
Pull boxes
Southwire armored cable cutter
Electrical tools must be insulated.
Always best to disconnect power, but insulation failure, lack of proper grounding, grounded neutral, lack of GFCI, out-of-code wiring, generator operating without transfer switch, and other problems still pose a risk to anyone working on electric power ... even when breaker is off.

Buy:
Electrician tools kits
KLEIN TOOLS
Tools kits
IRWIN tools
KNIPEX

Telephone cable knife
Low Voltage Mounting Bracket for Telephone
stranded wire
600 volt 12 ga Stranded wire ot THHN wire is good for conduit with multiple wires ... but stranded cannot be installed under screw terminals on outlets, switches, timers etc without risk ... of heat causing splayed strands ....that come loose ... and begin to arc. Connect stranded to short piece of solid copper wire, and attach solid to screw terminal. Do not solder residential or commercial wiring.

Project wire, extension cords, thermostat, bell and automotive wire are not rated for residential or commercial wiring. Only wire maked 600 volt can be used for permanent household wiring.
Buy:
Southwire 600 volt stranded wire
Rolls of stranded wire
HOOK UP Wires

Protect wiring from damage
Use nipper instead of pliers or screwdriver for removing staples (and nails). Do not damage cable or wires inside cable.

-Code says: Cable SHALL BE secured without damage to the outer covering. NEC sec. 336-15
Buy
End cutting nippers at Amazon


Electrically insulated tools
When removing insulation from wire, do NOT score or put cuts on surface of copper wire. Doing so increases resistance and heat on wire and creates possible weak point.
Buy tools:
KLEIN TOOLS
Wire strippers at Amazon
Electric Wire Stripping Machine
Linesman pliers
Utility knife at Amazon
multimeter
Multimeters
Voltage is tested across two separate wires. Ohms or resistance is tested across both ends of same wire. Amperage is tested along one or two points on same wire.
Buy:
Analog multimeter
Multimeters at Amazon
Klein multimeter
Electric testers at Amazon
Clampmeter for testing amp flow on line

GFCI circuit breaker
A GFCI circuit breaker will protect all boxes on circuit.

Circuit must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous and connected to each piece of equipment.

White wire on circuit breaker must be connected to Neutral busbar inside the breaker panel.

Buy
GFCI circuit breakers
Push down
single-pole breaker
1" wide Push down breaker
Plug-in breaker
Buy single-pole:
Choose from 15 to 60 amp
Eaton CL series
Siemens 15-60 amp

Single-pole tandem breaker
Tandem breakers
Push down
double-pole breaker
2" wide Push down breaker
Plug-in breakers
Buy double-pole:
Choose from 15 to 125 amp
Choose from 15 amp to 200 amp
Eaton CL series circuit breaker
Siemens circuit breaker
Double pole GFCI
Gas and electric water heaters Support the economy:
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50 gallon Gas water heaters at Amazon
40 gallon gas water heaters at Amazon
50 gallon Electric water heaters at Amazon
40 gallon electric water heaters at Amazon
Hybrid / heat pump/ water heaters at Amazon

Resources:
How to install gas water heater
How to install electric water heater
Troubleshoot gas water heater
Troubleshoot electric water heater
Point of use water heaters
Resources:
Troubleshoot Gas valves with manuals
Icon gas valve

How to replace water heater element Waste King disposal
How to wire tankless electric


Install point of use water heater
Titan tankless

Contactors/ relays
Install and troubleshoot garbage disposal Waste King disposal
Programmable timers

Woods timers
surge protection
Anode rods anode rods
Recirculation system

Tankless recirculation
Point of use water heater
Type 1 and type 2 surge protection surge protection
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Industrial electric

Industrial supplies

Tools and home improvement

Home and garden

Hayward pool
Pentair pool

Southwire electric
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Tools

DEWALT
Black and Decker
Stanley
SKIL
Makita
Porter-Cable
Bosch

Irwin Hand tools
Klein hand tools
Fluke electrical testing
Dremel hobby tools

Campbell Hausfeld air powered
Tekton automotive

Powerbuilt automotive
Saws and saw blades
box timers Resource:
Compare box timers
DPDT timers
Intermatic
Control water heater w/ Z-wave
Intermatic control centers Resource:
Intermatic control centers: and parts
Digital control centers and parts
Tork control centers and parts
Subpanels
All control centers and parts
Enclosures
programmable timer Resource:
Programmable timers
Countdown timers
Off delay timers
On delay timers
Timer modules
Din rail
Twin & one-shot
Woods
Intermatic
Tork
Low voltage power packs Recirculation systems
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