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How to troubleshoot Intermatic WH21 timer |
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 240Volt wires can be white-and-black or red-and-black. Recommend 30 amp breaker and 10 gauge wire. See Basic water heater circuit WH21 troubleshoot If timer dial is rotating, and keeping good time, then clock motor is good. If the dial is not rotating, then clock motor might be bad. WH21 clock motor WG233-18 Buy: Buy WH233-18 clock motor at Intermatic Buy new WH21 timer at Amazon Buy replacement trippers at Amazon If dial is not rotating, pull off the timer dial and then reset to make sure it is properly seated. Timer dial must be pushed inward for dial to turn water heater on-and-off.  Manual/
Resources:WH21 manual WH21 / 25 amp water heater timer If you cannot get dial to rotate correctly, then check wiring. Check that only copper wire and no insulation is inserted under pressure plate. Check that screws are very tight against copper wire, and there is no evidence of melting or burning. Use nose to smell for burning, and ears to listen for crackling. Do not mix 2 different gauge wires under same pressure plate, Do not put solid copper wire and stranded copper wire under same pressure plate. Manually rotate dial and see if water heater turns ON-OFF. Listen for bubbly-fizzing sound by putting ear against water heater. If tank is fully cold, then upper element should turn on. If tank is fully heated, then no element should turn on. If lower part of tank has cooled, then lower element should turn ON. How electric water heater works Troubleshoot electric water heater Check for 240Volts across Line1 and Line2 on timer. Electrocution danger. Observe safety precautions shown on left. Check that each Hot Line1 and Hot Line2 test 120Volts to green ground screw. If you do not have 240Volts across Line1 and Line2, then circuit breaker might be tripped, or circuit breaker is loose on busbar. Action: Move wires to another same-amp circuit breaker. Test electricity to water heater Terminal block has 3 screws: 1-2-3. Far right screw #3 is turned ON-OFF by timer. Other two screws #1-2 remain hot at all times. Test far right #3 screw to ground screw. When timer is ON, test should read 120Volts. Manually rotate timer dial. When timer is OFF, test should read NO volts. If test shows that timer is not turning ON-and-OFF, then timer is bad or trippers are worn and need replacement. If dial is rotating correctly, but water heater never turns on-off, then trippers might be bad. WH21 uses 156EB1945A trippers (set includes 2 silver and 2 brass trippers) Intermatic trippers and parts Order trippers from Intermatic To stop timer from turning water heater ON-OFF, pull time dial outwards. Timer must be reset for current time after power outage. WH21 manual |
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 Upgrade to WH40 Same as T104 except with convenient override lever Larger image |
If
WH21 has stopped functioning, Upgrade to better timer. Buy heavy-duty 40-amp WH40 or T104 timer as replacement. Only 1 difference between WH40 and T104: WH40 has manual override that sticks out of enclosure. Both WH40 and T104 are identical otherwise: Both are heavy-duty and have replaceable 156T1978A trippers and WG1573 clock motor. Both WH40 and T104 run cooler with less amp loss from heat, than 25-amp WH21 timer Buy: WH40 208-240-277Volt 10000 watt 40 amp at Amazon T104-20 (WH40) 208-240-277V (no external switch) at Amazon 156T1978 trippers at Amazon Replacement trippers at Amazon Clock motor WG1573 at Amazon 10-2 wire at Amazon Resources Wiring diagrams: How to wire WH40 How to wire T104 WH40 manual WH40 sell sheet How to operate and set timer List of replacement parts Photographs of timer and timer parts Troubleshoot Intermatic timer See all Intermatic water heater timers See more water heater timers |
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GE 15070 in-wall
timer to control water heater. Installation requires contactor. Timer turns contactor ON-OFF. See timer installation See GE 15070 timer and similar timers |
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| WH21
timer is 25 amp timer. Volts x Amps = Watts Watts divided by Volts = Amps Most residential water heaters are non-simultaneous. This means both elements are not ON at same time. How electric water heater works How to wire thermostats Calculate safe maximum for timers/ electrical circuits Read label on side of water heater for element wattage. Element wattage is tank wattage. For example: If water heater has 5500 watt elements: 5500 watts divided by 240Volts = 22.91 amps 4500 watt water heater divided by 240Volts = 18.75 amps. Electricians use 80% rule for safe maximum. WH21 is rated for 25 amps x .8 = 20 amps. Calculation shows that WH21 is ok for 4500 watt water heater, but beyond safe-maximum for 5500 watt water heater. Exceeding safe maximum means WH21 will run hot and not last as long. If electrical device is run at-or-near maximum amp rating, the device will not last as long because of heat. Same as running a car at full throttle. Car will not last as long. In contrast, 40-amp WH40 and T104 timers are better long term investment for water heater timer. WH40 and T104 are rated for 40 amps, with safe maximum of 32 amps, so they withstand more amperage without heat loss, and will last longer. How to wire WH40 How to wire T104 Intermatic T174 timer is identical to T104, except T174 has day-skipper feature |
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Calculate safe maximum for water heater circuit If residential water heater is connected to 20 amp breaker and 12 gauge wire, then the same overheating problem occurs over time. Circuit breaker will not last as long, and damage can occur to busbar. See basic water heater circuit 20 amp breaker is subject to 80% safe-maximum rule. 20 amp circuit breaker x .8 = 16 amps. So safe maximum for 20 amp breaker is 16 amps. As shown above, 4500 watt water heater draws 18.75 amps. And 5500 watt water heater draws 22.91 amps. So 20 amp breaker with 12 gauge wire are rated too small for most water heaters. Over time the breaker can wear out sooner due to overheating. Recommended that all water heaters be connected to 30 amp breaker and 10 gauge wire. Safe maximum for 30 amp breaker x .8 = 24 amps. 30 amp breaker and 10 gauge wire run cooler, with less heat loss and more efficiency. Circuit breaker and main box last longer with less chance for heat damage. Figure Volts Amps Watts for water heater |
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 Solid copper wire only |
 Larger image Both wires MUST be same gauge Straighten each wire Tighten screw very tight against copper wire |
 Larger image Connect stranded and solid with wire connector and run jumper to screw plate. See example image |
Use wire connector |
 Use push-on wire connectors |
3
wires/ or different gauge wires Join wires with wire connector or push-on connector Run jumper to screw terminal. Buy: Push on wire connectors Red 3P connector (shown) for 10-14 gauge wire Resource: How to select and install wire connector |
  12 Ga |
10 gauge or 12 gauge? 10 gauge is larger/ for 30 amp breaker. 12 gauge is smaller/ for 20 amp breaker 10 gauge wire can have black-white or black-red 12 gauge will have black and white wires Buy short pieces 10 and 12 gauge wire at local box store Compare with your wire. Match color code and amp rating for wire |
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With
120 and 277 Volt
circuits, white wire is always Neutral, and black is Hot Hot wire is always switched on-off. Neutral wire remains connected without switching. With 208 and 240 circuits, both wires are Hot, and both wires carry voltage. Either Hot wire can be switched on-off. Or both Hot wires can be switched on-off. Add black tape when white wire carries voltage (applies to 208 and 240V circuits) |
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 CA3750 has 5 knock-outs 1 on back, 1 on each side and 2 on bottom Keep enclosure door closed Fire safety Always keep enclosure (box) cover closed |
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Use
Wire connectors, or conduit clamps to secure wire to enclosure By code, all wire must be securely attached to enclosure to prevent wire pull-out. Wires or conduit must be secured to structure, so there are no loose wires. Wires inside the enclosure cannot lay over top of connection terminals. Join all ground wires together and cover with wire connector. Push ground wires down and away from connection terminals. 2T2500GA plastic outdoor enclosure has 5 knock outs for 1/2" and 3/4" Wire connectors 1 on back, 1 on each side and 2 on bottom More Intermatic enclosures |
30
amp breaker use 10 gauge /  Buy: 10-2 gauge/ 30 amp 10-3/ 30 amp Southwire electric tools |
Yellow
12 gauge 20 amp Yellow/ #12 gauge wire for 20 amp with ground Buy: 12-2 gauge/ 20 amp 12-3/ 20 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground Rolls of stranded wire |
White
14 gauge 15 amp White/ #14 gauge wire for 15 amp with ground Buy: 14-2 gauge/ 15 amp 14-3/ 15 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
 Buy: Armored cable |
 Southwire armored cable cutter Buy: Rolls of stranded wire |
Stranded wire  Buy: Rolls of stranded wire |
50-60
amp breaker use 6 gauge /  Buy: 6-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
40-50
amp breaker use 8 gauge / Buy: 8-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
  Copper ground wire Use same size as other wire in circuit Buy: 12 gauge copper ground wire Ground wire Green ground wire Ground pigtails Ground rods/ ground clamps at Amazon |
 Buy End cutting nippers at Amazon |
  Buy tools: Wire strippers at Amazon Linesman pliers Utility knife at Amazon |
 Buy: Multimeter Electrical testers |
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