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Safe electric wiring
Enclosures and boxes
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Code and advisories for boxes and
enclosures Resources: Safe electric wiring Enclosures and boxes |
| Use only 600 volt wire. Lamp cord, extension cords are not rated 600 volt. Use copper wire only. Aluminum wire is fire risk and should be avoided or installed by professional. 30 amp breaker use 10 gauge / 120-240 volt 30 amp outlet can be installed on 30 amp breaker only/ use 10 gauge wire ... cannot be connected to 15-20-40 amp breaker.  Orange/ #10 gauge wire, with ground ... 30 amp capacity. Safe maximum: 30 x 80% = 24 amps. Buy: 10-2 gauge/ 30 amp 10-3/ 30 amp Southwire electric tools |
Yellow
12 gauge 20 amp 120 volt 20 amp outlet can be installed on 20 amp breaker, but not 15 amp breaker/ use 12 ga wire. ... cannot be connected to 30-40 amp breaker. 1  Yellow/ #12 gauge wire, with ground ... 20 amp capacity. Safe maximum 16 amps. Buy: 12-2 gauge/ 20 amp 12-3/ 20 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground Rolls of stranded wire HOOK UP Wires |
White
14 gauge 15 amp 120 volt 15 amp outlet, AFCI, GFCI, timer, switch etc can be installed on 15 or 20 amp breaker. Never connect 15 gauge wire to 20-30-40 amp breaker.  White/ #14 gauge wire, with ground ... 15 amp capacity. Safe maximum 12 amps. Buy: 14-2 gauge/ 15 amp 14-3/ 15 amp NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
| 50-60
amp breaker use 6 gauge / 240 volt 50 outlet can be installed on 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 6-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
40-50
amp breaker use 8 gauge / 240 volt 40 amp outlet can be installed on 40 or 50 amp breaker only  Buy: 8-2 wire Southwire electric tools NMB is house wiring UF is underground |
  Copper ground wire. Every device, load, metal enclosure etc must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous throughout installation, never switched on-off, never used as a Neutral wire. Generally ... use same size as other wire in circuit Buy: 12 gauge copper ground wire Ground wire Green ground wire Ground pigtails Ground rods/ ground clamps at Amazon |
 Non metallic flexible cables must carry ground wire, but do not have hazard of short circuit causing injury from shock. Armored steel cable can be used as a grounded connection, and will protect wires from damage. Metal can be energized from an insulation failure. All conduit ...metal, plastic ... flexible and rigid ... must be attached to structure, and attached to enclosures, boxes. Movement, damage and deterioration are major cause of electrical failure. Buy: Non-metallic flexible conduit Power whip Armored cable Southwire armored cable cutter Pull boxes |
 Electrical tools must be insulated. Always best to disconnect power, but insulation failure, lack of proper grounding, grounded neutral, lack of GFCI, out-of-code wiring, generator operating without transfer switch, and other problems still pose a risk to anyone working on electric power ... even when breaker is off. Buy: Electrician tools kits KLEIN TOOLS Tools kits IRWIN tools KNIPEX Telephone cable knife Low Voltage Mounting Bracket for Telephone |
 600 volt 12 ga Stranded wire ot THHN wire is good for conduit with multiple wires ... but stranded cannot be installed under screw terminals on outlets, switches, timers etc without risk ... of heat causing splayed strands ....that come loose ... and begin to arc. Connect stranded to short piece of solid copper wire, and attach solid to screw terminal. Do not solder residential or commercial wiring. Project wire, extension cords, thermostat, bell and automotive wire are not rated for residential or commercial wiring. Only wire maked 600 volt can be used for permanent household wiring. Buy: Southwire 600 volt stranded wire Rolls of stranded wire HOOK UP Wires |
 Protect wiring from damage Use nipper instead of pliers or screwdriver for removing staples (and nails). Do not damage cable or wires inside cable. -Code says: Cable SHALL BE secured without damage to the outer covering. NEC sec. 336-15 Buy End cutting nippers at Amazon |
  Electrically insulated tools When removing insulation from wire, do NOT score or put cuts on surface of copper wire. Doing so increases resistance and heat on wire and creates possible weak point. Buy tools: KLEIN TOOLS Wire strippers at Amazon Electric Wire Stripping Machine Linesman pliers Utility knife at Amazon |
 Multimeters Voltage is tested across two separate wires. Ohms or resistance is tested across both ends of same wire. Amperage is tested along one or two points on same wire. Buy: Analog multimeter Multimeters at Amazon Klein multimeter Electric testers at Amazon Clampmeter for testing amp flow on line |
 GFCI circuit breaker A GFCI circuit breaker will protect all boxes on circuit. Circuit must be grounded. Ground wire must be continuous and connected to each piece of equipment. White wire on circuit breaker must be connected to Neutral busbar inside the breaker panel. Buy GFCI circuit breakers |
Push down 1" wide Push down breaker Plug-in breaker Buy single-pole: Choose from 15 to 60 amp Eaton CL series Siemens 15-60 amp Single-pole tandem breaker Tandem breakers |
Push down 2" wide Push down breaker Plug-in breakers Buy double-pole: Choose from 15 to 125 amp Choose from 15 amp to 200 amp Eaton CL series circuit breaker Siemens circuit breaker Double pole GFCI |
Code and advisories, safe
electric
practice for boxes/ enclosures For
household 120-240 volt power:-Use only approved 600 volt cables, wires, enclosures, boxes, conduit etc for household 120-240 volt. -Extension cords are not rated 600 volt, and cannot be used for permanent in-wall wiring. Resources Extension cord code -Do not use makeshift, homemade boxes that are not rated for household voltage. -Correct box must be used for application ... a light fixture or fan requires round or octagon box ... cannot use switch box, or square junction box for light fixture ... cannot use round, octagon, or square junction box for switch and outlet. -All enclosures and boxes require a cover that is made to fit box, and must sit flat and tight against box. -Missing knockout holes must be filled. -Keep enclosure door or cover in place and closed to contain spark and potential fire hazard. -Box cannot have vent holes or heat fan installed where air supply can feed a potential fire. -Never solder household wiring connections. High heat from resistance, caused when amperage gets pushed through the wire by voltage, will melt solder and cause potential hazard. -Use only approved 600 volt wire connectors. Never reuse old wire connectors. -All enclosures, wiring, conduit etc must be attached firmly to structure, and located so cannot be damaged by lawn equipment etc. and best if located away from high heat, exposure to sun. Heat will cause deterioration of electrical installations.  -Enclosures require ground
wire to be present and connected to all devices, equipment etc. Metal
boxes and enclosures require
connection to ground wire. Plastic boxes do not require grounding.Resources: Safe electric wiring/ for boxes and enclosures Color code for wire Low-voltage structural wiring (doorbell, communication, TV etc): -Never include low-voltage 'structural wiring' inside same enclosure, conduit, raceway or box as household voltage. -Low voltage structural wiring and household wiring must be electrically separated to prevent insulation failure from energizing low voltage wires, cause fire and safety hazard. -Structural wiring can be run inside walls, does not require enclosure, box conduit etc except for installation convenience, weatherproofing, reliability, organization, access to splices and connections etc. -Household 120-240 volt wiring cannot be soldered ... but low-volt structural wires can be soldered when needed. Resource: troubleshoot low voltage doorbell |
 Larger image 9-3 ⁄8" x 5-1 ⁄2" x 3-5 ⁄8" Enclosures can be used for timers or for other electrical for electrical control center... Shown are several devices mounted to din rail. The din rail must be firmly attached to enclosure. Delay timers will fit if mounted directly to metal box, and not din rail. Note that the
LY2-LY3 15 amp relays are rated 10 amps for 2 and 3-pole relays. And 5
amps for LY4 4-pole relay.
Buy:2T511GA Nema3R enclosure at Amazon 10 amp Relays 10 amp LY2 relays LY3 relay 120 volt LY2 15 amp Din rail timer Din rail Fuseholder Resources: Din rail timers Off Delay timers On delay timers Build 3-phase astronomic timer Build 2-speed timer for pump, motor etc |
 Larger image Another image Contactor, open-frame relay, and small relay with base will fit into Intermatic metal and plastic enclosures, but not the smaller Grasslin enclosures. Note that a 30 amp
power relay, or switch, or contactor has safe maximum
80% rated value, or 24 amps. For 30 amp circuit, must use 600 volt, 10
gauge solid copper wire. Never undersize wire or use extension cord for
permanent wiring.
Buy: 2T511GA Nema3R enclosure at Amazon Siemens 30 amp power relay 30-40 amp Contactors Resources: Contactors and relays How to wire open frame relay Build a 2-speed motor control |
 Larger image |
Review
basic breaker box Resource; See inside main breaker box Basic house wiring Code "-Metal boxes SHALL BE grounded with a separate machine threaded ground screw. NEC sec. 370-4 and 250-114a -All openings in boxes (enclosures) SHALL BE adequately closed. NEC sec. 370-17a -All cable jackets SHALL extend at least 1/4 inch into the box. NEC sec. 370-17c -All cable SHALL BE secured to the box, except for single gang non-metallic boxes, if stapled within 8 inches of the box. NEC sec. 370-17c -Unused openings in boxes SHALL BE effectively closed. NEC sec. 370-18" |
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