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Different types of water heaters

Different types of water heaters
Commercial ...  *heavy duty, 100,000+ BTU per hour water heaters, often rated for higher temperatures or specific applications such as high output, not necessarily with longer warranty. Subject to federal energy standards.

Residential ... typical 30,000-40,000 BTU per hour water heater sold to mass market through local box stores or online. Subject to 2015 energy standards.

Commercial grade for residential ... a category of residential heaters resulting from 2015 energy standard that side-steps some of the rigors for energy testing while allowing for more output.

Different types of gas water heaters
Atmospheric vented ... not connected to electric power. Burner draws air supply for combustion from inside home, and relies on natural upward draft of warm air to vent combustion by-product through a vertical pipe that goes through roof. Advantage simplicity.

Direct vent ... similar to atmospheric but vents horizontally through the side wall via large diameter vent pipe. Advantage solve vent problems if vertical vent not possible.

Flue dampered ... connected to electric power. Small flue damper motor assists draw of air into burner from inside home, and helps push air upward in a vertical vent pipe that goes vertically through roof. Advantage slower venting of hot gas means more hear goes into water and less heat wasted up flue pipe. Slightly higher efficiency than atmospheric.

Power vent ... connected to electric power. Blower motor draws air supply for combustion from inside home, and vents through a pipe that goes vertically through roof or horizontally through sidewall of building. Advantage solve vent problems.

Power direct vent... connected to electric power. Blower motor draws air supply for combustion from outside home via a sidewall or rooftop piple, and vents through a pipe that goes through wall or roof of building. Advantage: solve vent problems, plus house can be sealed tighter without needing air supply for burner.

Condensing ..  connected to electric power. Is a type of heater made for high-consumption commercial and residential applications. Comes in power vent and power direct vent models. Advantage: required to have ultra low nox burner, produces massive amounts of hot water per BTU, achieves higher efficiency by recycling flue gas through helicial heat exchanger that results in condensed acidic water that must be drained into floor drain.

Low nox ... Is a type of heater that produces 33% less Nox by-product when burning hydrocarbon fuel. Required by some states, limits NOx by-product to 40 PPM. Compare with regular residential heater that produces 54 PPM of NOx. Advantage: less air pollution.

Ultra low nox ... to eliminate almost all Nox formation, required by some states, limits NOx by-product to 20 PPM. Compare with regular residential heater that produces 54 PPM of NOx, gives off 3x more NOx than ultra Low NOx heaters. Advantage: less air pollution.

Manufactured home ... is a type of atmospheric heater made specifically for smaller homes that might lack enough air to support large burner. Advantage: low consumption.
electric heaters are a bit simpler
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