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How to wire water heater thermostat

Wiring diagrams for 2-thermostat residential water heater
How to replace thermostat
Wiring is same for 240 Volt residential water heaters
(see more diagrams below)
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Both elements are never 'on' at same time. Either upper element is 'on' or lower element is 'on,' or both are off. See how water heater worksc

Top thermostat is main controller <> it turns on upper element until temperature is reached, and then sends power to lower thermostat.
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Troubleshoot electric water heater
Upper element burned out, bad thermostat, ECO tripped, appliance not receiving 240V, TP valve releasing water

Thermostat reads temperature through wall of tank.
Diagram below explains ordinary residential water heater wiring


Screws identified by letter and number L1, L3, L4, T2, T4

Top thermostat numbering
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Diagram shows ordinary residental water heater wiring


Dia. 3 Shows a variation used by trained people to reach different objectives.
Illustration for information only <> Homeowners should not alter water heater wiring.
See insurance data on water heater failure