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The function of a substation


"The function of a substation is to transform voltage to a lower or higher level of voltage, and to provide the ties, transformation, switching, and protection for the transmission and distribution systems.
Substations contain transformers in order to convert voltage levels, as well as circuit breakers, protective relays, surge arrestors, phase shifters, phasor measurements units, etc ... and a large amount of control equipment including phase monitoring alarms, oscillation detection, etc. Substations can vary in size, depending on the amount of voltage being transferred and the number of lines terminating at or originating from the substation. There are various types and classifications assigned to different substations, based on the amount of voltage, transformation desired, and equipment on site. Substations can be manned or unmanned.''
Volts and amps are inversely proportional. When volts are increased by transformer, then amps are reduced. Higher volts and lower amps means more force (volt) is pushing fewer electrons (amps) through the matrix (atomic structure) of the conductor (wire). As a result the wire offers less resistance, meaning there is less heat loss (energy loss), which means electricity can be transmitted longer distance using relatively small wires that can be supported by poles and towers that are spaced further apart ... thus saving money and energy. The use of transformers makes electric power possible for the masses.




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